PMID- 35731626
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221118
LR  - 20231129
IS  - 1535-4970 (Electronic)
IS  - 1073-449X (Print)
IS  - 1073-449X (Linking)
VI  - 206
IP  - 10
DP  - 2022 Nov 15
TI  - Biomarkers of Airway Immune Homeostasis Differ Significantly with Generation of 
      E-Cigarettes.
PG  - 1248-1258
LID - 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC [doi]
AB  - Rationale: Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes can impact 
      respiratory immune homeostasis; however, the extent of these effects remains an 
      active area of investigation, and most previous studies were conducted with model 
      systems or subjects exposed to third-generation e-cigarettes, such as vape pens 
      and box mods. Objectives: Given the rise in popularity of 
      nicotine-salt-containing pods and disposable e-cigarettes (fourth generation), we 
      set out to better understand the respiratory effects of these newer e-cigarettes 
      and compare their effects to early-generation devices. Methods: We collected 
      induced sputum samples from a cohort of nonsmokers, smokers, third-generation 
      e-cigarette users, and fourth-generation e-cigarette users (n = 20-30 per group) 
      and evaluated the cellular and fluid-phase composition for markers of 
      inflammation, host defense, and lung injury. Measurements and Main Results: 
      Fourth-generation e-cigarette users had significantly more bronchial epithelial 
      cells in the sputum, suggestive of airway injury. Concentrations of soluble 
      intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion 
      molecule 1 (sVCAM1) were significantly lower in fourth-generation e-cigarette 
      users in comparison with all other groups, and CRP (C-reactive protein), IFN-gamma, 
      MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), 
      uteroglobin, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly 
      lower in fourth- versus third-generation e-cigarette users, suggestive of overall 
      immune suppression in fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Predictive modeling 
      also demonstrated clear separation between exposure groups, indicating that the 
      overall mediator milieu is different between groups, particularly 
      fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Conclusions: Our results indicate disrupted 
      immune homeostasis in fourth-generation e-cigarette users and demonstrate that 
      the biological effects of fourth-generation e-cigarette use are unique compared 
      with those associated with previous-generation e-cigarettes.
FAU - Hickman, Elise
AU  - Hickman E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6152-050X
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
FAU - Payton, Alexis
AU  - Payton A
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and.
AD  - The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global 
      Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      North Carolina.
FAU - Duffney, Parker
AU  - Duffney P
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
FAU - Wells, Heather
AU  - Wells H
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
FAU - Ceppe, Agathe S
AU  - Ceppe AS
AD  - Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine.
FAU - Brocke, Stephanie
AU  - Brocke S
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
FAU - Bailey, Aleah
AU  - Bailey A
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
FAU - Rebuli, Meghan E
AU  - Rebuli ME
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1918-2257
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
FAU - Robinette, Carole
AU  - Robinette C
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
FAU - Ring, Brian
AU  - Ring B
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
FAU - Rager, Julia E
AU  - Rager JE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2882-5042
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and.
AD  - The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global 
      Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      North Carolina.
FAU - Alexis, Neil E
AU  - Alexis NE
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
FAU - Jaspers, Ilona
AU  - Jaspers I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8728-0305
AD  - Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology.
AD  - Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine.
AD  - The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global 
      Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 
      North Carolina.
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 ES007126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R25 GM089569/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F31 HL154758/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL139369/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P42 ES031007/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 HL120100/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Respir Crit Care Med
JT  - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
JID - 9421642
RN  - EC 3.4.24.24 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 2)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
CIN - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Nov 15;206(10):1195-1197. PMID: 35816433
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
MH  - *Vaping/adverse effects
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
MH  - *Tobacco Products
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Homeostasis
PMC - PMC9746848
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - immune suppression
OT  - machine learning
OT  - pod e-cigarettes
EDAT- 2022/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/19 06:00
PMCR- 2023/11/15
CRDT- 2022/06/22 12:23
PHST- 2022/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/22 12:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Nov 15;206(10):1248-1258. doi: 
      10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC.