PMID- 35732287
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220624
LR  - 20230702
IS  - 1833-3516 (Print)
IS  - 2209-1491 (Electronic)
IS  - 1833-3516 (Linking)
VI  - 52
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Jun 30
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a rare complication of intramuscular injection: 
      four cases of Nicolau syndrome.
PG  - 149-153
LID - 10.28920/dhm52.2.149-153 [doi]
AB  - Intramuscular injections are one of the most common clinical procedures. The 
      objectives of this case series are to analyse the role, timing and efficacy of 
      hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in the management of Nicolau syndrome (NS), an 
      extremely rare complication of this common intervention. Clinical, demographic, 
      laboratory and microbiological data extraction were performed through 
      retrospective analysis of the medical records of all patients with NS who were 
      referred for HBOT over a 10-year period with wounds, ischaemia, infection or 
      necrosis at the injection site following drug injection; four patients with NS 
      were included. All injections were made via the intramuscular route; three adult 
      cases followed a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium and one 
      in a child followed penicillin injection. The time between diagnosis/injection 
      and HBOT ranged from five to 33 days. NS can develop despite all preventive 
      measures based on injection technique guidelines. HBOT appeared beneficial to 
      healing of NS when administered with other therapeutic approaches. Due to the 
      missing pieces of the puzzle in pathogenesis, NS is rarely completely reversible; 
      keeping the awareness high for undesirable complications stands out as the most 
      effective approach.
CI  - Copyright: This article is the copyright of the authors who grant Diving and 
      Hyperbaric Medicine a non-exclusive licence to publish the article in electronic 
      and other forms.
FAU - Korpinar, Sefika
AU  - Korpinar S
AD  - Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale 
      Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
AD  - Corresponding author: Dr Sefika Korpinar, Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric 
      Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 
      Turkey, sefikkorpinar@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PL  - Australia
TA  - Diving Hyperb Med
JT  - Diving and hyperbaric medicine
JID - 101282742
RN  - S88TT14065 (Oxygen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hyperbaric Oxygenation/adverse effects
MH  - Injections, Intramuscular/adverse effects
MH  - *Nicolau Syndrome/etiology/therapy
MH  - Oxygen
MH  - Retrospective Studies
PMC - PMC9522602
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Case reports
OT  - Embolia cutis medicamentosa
OT  - Nicolau syndrome
OT  - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
OT  - Wounds
COIS- Conflict of interest and funding: nil
EDAT- 2022/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/25 06:00
PMCR- 2023/06/30
CRDT- 2022/06/22 19:52
PHST- 2021/11/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/22 19:52 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.28920/dhm52.2.149-153 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diving Hyperb Med. 2022 Jun 30;52(2):149-153. doi: 10.28920/dhm52.2.149-153.