PMID- 35736915
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2305-6304 (Electronic)
IS  - 2305-6304 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun 7
TI  - Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities 
      (Noraebang and Internet Cafes): A Prospective Cohort Study.
LID - 10.3390/toxics10060307 [doi]
LID - 307
AB  - We aimed to evaluate the degree of thirdhand smoke (THS) caused by short-term 
      exposure to smoking-related substances. To this end, we evaluated the change in 
      concentration of a smoking-related urine biomarker in volunteers before and after 
      visiting public spaces where there is likely THS exposure. We hypothesized that a 
      visit to such public spaces would result in an increase in such biomarkers. 
      Participants visited one of the predetermined facilities (noraebang, PC cafe) and 
      revisited the same facility after 24 h, spending around 2 h per visit. We 
      selected creatinine-corrected urine cotinine (CUC) as a biomarker to evaluate 
      THS. In addition, we collected nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) from 
      surface dust at each site with cotton swabs (diameter of 2.5 cm). We examined 
      whether CUC concentration significantly changed across three time points 
      (baseline, first visit, and second visit) via repeated-measures analysis of 
      variance (RM-ANOVA). Moreover, we analyzed the interaction to determine whether 
      cigarette smell affects the CUC concentration. Finally, CUC and dust NNK were 
      analyzed with Pearson's correlation. The CUC concentration did not increase from 
      baseline to the first visit, but increased from the baseline to the second visit 
      (Diff = Ln [0.565] ng/mg, P < 0.01). Further, the CUC concentration increased 
      from the first to the second visit (Diff = Ln [0.393] ng/mg, p < 0.01). In the 
      case of the interaction effect, there were statistically significant differences 
      in CUC concentration depending on the smell of smoke in the facility (Diff = Ln 
      [0.325], F value = 4.438, p value = 0.041). The change in CUC concentration from 
      baseline to the second visit (r = 0.562, p < 0.001) and from the first to the 
      second visit (r = 0.544, p < 0.001) were correlated with NNK concentration. We 
      evaluated whether a short stay in a facility with smoke-related substances that 
      adhere to the surrounding environment would expose individuals to THS even if 
      they do not smell or are directly exposed to cigarette smoke. We confirmed that 
      even two relatively short stays (approximately 2 h each) in a facility in which 
      people had previously smoked can lead to THS exposure.
FAU - Park, Myung-Bae
AU  - Park MB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1892-6632
AD  - Department of Gerontology Health and Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, 
      Korea.
FAU - Sim, Boram
AU  - Sim B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0981-5102
AD  - HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), 
      Wonju 26465, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2020R1C1C1007913/National Research Foundation of Korea/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220607
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxics
JT  - Toxics
JID - 101639637
PMC - PMC9227155
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cotinine
OT  - passive smoking
OT  - public facilities
OT  - public health
OT  - thirdhand smoke
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/24 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/07
CRDT- 2022/06/23 11:03
PHST- 2022/04/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/23 11:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxics10060307 [pii]
AID - toxics-10-00307 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxics10060307 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxics. 2022 Jun 7;10(6):307. doi: 10.3390/toxics10060307.