PMID- 35741577
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 May 26
TI  - Assess of Combinations of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Reduction of 
      Irritability in Patients with Dementia and their Caregivers: A Cross-Over RCT.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci12060691 [doi]
LID - 691
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a very common disorder that affects people over 65 
      years old all over the world. Apart from the cognitive decline, Behavioral and 
      Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are a crucial matter in dementia, 
      because they affect up to 90% of the patients during the course of their illness. 
      Irritability has been found to be a common BPSD and one of the most distressing 
      behaviors for the caregivers. The aim of the current study was to explore the 
      efficacy of a combination of non-pharmacological interventions to treat 
      irritability. METHODS: Sixty patients with different types and stages of dementia 
      with irritability were participated in a cross-over RCT. Three 
      non-pharmacological interventions were used; (a) Validation Therapy 
      (VT)/Psycho-educational program, (b) Aromatherapy/massage and (c) Music Therapy 
      (MT). The study assessed the three non-pharmacological interventions in order to 
      find the most effective combination of the interventions. This study did not 
      compare pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The interventions 
      lasted for five days. There was no drop-out rate. All patients were assessed at 
      baseline using Mini Mental State of Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's Cognitive 
      Examination Revised (ACE-R), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Functional Rating 
      Scale for symptoms in dementia (FRSSD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) (sub 
      questions for irritability). Only NPI used for the assessment after each 
      intervention. The analyses used categorical variables, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 
      Chi-square test and z value score. RESULTS: The most effective combination of 
      non-pharmacological interventions was Aromatherapy/massage (p = 0.003)-VT plus 
      Psycho-educational program (p = 0.014) plus MT (p = 0.018). The same combination 
      was the most effective for the caregivers' burden, too (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: 
      The above combination of non-pharmacological interventions can reduce 
      irritability in patients with dementia and caregivers' burden.
FAU - Dimitriou, Tatiana
AU  - Dimitriou T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4212-7451
AD  - 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 44 Salaminos 
      Street, Halandri, 15232 Athens, Greece.
FAU - Papatriantafyllou, John
AU  - Papatriantafyllou J
AD  - 3rd Age Center IASIS and 2nd Neurology Department, Attikon Hospital, 16562 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Konsta, Anastasia
AU  - Konsta A
AD  - 1st Department of Psychiatry, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 
      Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Kazis, Dimitrios
AU  - Kazis D
AD  - 3rd Neurology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 
      Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Athanasiadis, Loukas
AU  - Athanasiadis L
AD  - 1st Department of Psychiatry, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 
      Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Ioannidis, Panagiotis
AU  - Ioannidis P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0254-6624
AD  - 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 
      Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Koutsouraki, Efrosini
AU  - Koutsouraki E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6057-3749
AD  - 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 44 Salaminos 
      Street, Halandri, 15232 Athens, Greece.
FAU - Tegos, Thomas
AU  - Tegos T
AD  - 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 44 Salaminos 
      Street, Halandri, 15232 Athens, Greece.
FAU - Tsolaki, Magda
AU  - Tsolaki M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2072-8010
AD  - 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 44 Salaminos 
      Street, Halandri, 15232 Athens, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220526
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC9221291
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BPSD
OT  - cross-over trial
OT  - dementia
OT  - irritability
OT  - non-pharmacological
OT  - randomized trial
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/25 06:01
PMCR- 2022/05/26
CRDT- 2022/06/24 01:12
PHST- 2022/04/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/24 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci12060691 [pii]
AID - brainsci-12-00691 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci12060691 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2022 May 26;12(6):691. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12060691.