PMID- 35748590
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220718
LR  - 20220727
IS  - 1759-9679 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-9660 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 27
DP  - 2022 Jul 14
TI  - Rapid measurement of total lipids in zooplankton using the sulfo-phospho-vanillin 
      reaction.
PG  - 2665-2672
LID - 10.1039/d2ay00665k [doi]
AB  - Zooplankton provide a vital source of nutrition to a variety of fish and marine 
      predators. Measuring the total lipid content of zooplankton provides important 
      information about diet quality available to predators, revealing details about 
      trophic dynamics and ecosystem status. We analyze the performance of a microplate 
      assay, utilizing the sulfo-phospho-vanillin (SPV) reaction, to quantify the total 
      lipid content of various large crustacean zooplankton in a rapid and high 
      throughput manner. Pilot experiments were performed by measuring the total lipid 
      content of purchased freeze-dried zooplankton (Calanus finmarchicus and Euphausia 
      superba) by both SPV and gravimetric analysis (low throughput and requires large 
      sample size). The results of the SPV assay were not statistically different from 
      gravimetric analysis for either species (p > 0.05). Further, an inter-laboratory 
      comparison study was performed to measure the total lipid content (% of wet mass) 
      of field-collected Arctic and North Pacific zooplankton (copepods (n = 19) and 
      euphausiids (n = 29)) of various species utilizing multiple analysis methods. 
      Results from thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) 
      demonstrated that lipid classes in zooplankton samples varied in composition of 
      steryl/wax esters (3-95%), triacylglycerols (1-52%), free-fatty acids (0.4-25%), 
      sterols (0-4%) and polar lipids (1-42%). Despite this variation in lipid class 
      composition among samples, the results of the SPV assay agreed well with 
      gravimetric analysis. The mean absolute and relative differences between SPV and 
      gravimetric analysis for all zooplankton lipids in this study were 1.0% and 
      11.6%, respectively. The SPV assay is rapid (<2 hours), high throughput (25 
      samples processed in parallel), low cost (supplies <$ 0.67 per sample), precise 
      (inter assay CV = 6.9%, intra assay CV = 6.0%), sensitive (limit of detection < 
      1.7 micrograms of lipid per analysis), and accurate when calibrated with 
      appropriate standards.
FAU - Pinger, Cody
AU  - Pinger C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0636-828X
AD  - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke 
      Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska, USA, 99801. 
      cody.pinger@noaa.gov.
FAU - Copeman, Louise
AU  - Copeman L
AD  - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 
      Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, 
      Oregon, USA, 97365.
AD  - Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies (CIMERS), Oregon 
      State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA, 97365.
FAU - Stowell, Michelle
AU  - Stowell M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1207-662X
AD  - Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies (CIMERS), Oregon 
      State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA, 97365.
FAU - Cormack, Bryan
AU  - Cormack B
AD  - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke 
      Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska, USA, 99801. 
      cody.pinger@noaa.gov.
FAU - Fugate, Corey
AU  - Fugate C
AD  - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke 
      Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska, USA, 99801. 
      cody.pinger@noaa.gov.
FAU - Rogers, Matthew
AU  - Rogers M
AD  - NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke 
      Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska, USA, 99801. 
      cody.pinger@noaa.gov.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20220714
PL  - England
TA  - Anal Methods
JT  - Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
JID - 101519733
RN  - 0 (Benzaldehydes)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - CHI530446X (vanillin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Benzaldehydes
MH  - *Copepoda/chemistry
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Lipids/analysis/chemistry
MH  - *Zooplankton/chemistry
EDAT- 2022/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/19 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/24 08:23
PHST- 2022/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/24 08:23 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/d2ay00665k [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Anal Methods. 2022 Jul 14;14(27):2665-2672. doi: 10.1039/d2ay00665k.