PMID- 35755848
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220628
LR  - 20220805
IS  - 2235-2988 (Electronic)
IS  - 2235-2988 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2022
TI  - Pathogenicity and Growth Conditions Modulate Fonsecaea Extracellular Vesicles' 
      Ability to Interact With Macrophages.
PG  - 879018
LID - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879018 [doi]
LID - 879018
AB  - Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis caused 
      by black, dimorphic, and filamentous fungi of the Herpothrichiellaceae family, 
      such as species of the genus Fonsecaea. These fungi can switch between the 
      saprophytic forms (conidia and hyphae) and the pathogenic form, the muriform 
      cells (MCs), which is considered an essential mechanism for fungal virulence. 
      Nearly all types of cells can produce membranous structures formed by a lipid 
      bilayer that communicate extracellularly with other cells, known as 
      "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), which may act as virulence factors, as observed 
      for several species of pathogenic fungi. Our findings demonstrated for the first 
      time that F. pedrosoi, F. nubica, and F. erecta produce EVs in response to 
      nutritional conditions. The EVs varied in sterol and protein contents, size, and 
      morphology. Moreover, the EVs induced different cytokine and nitric oxide release 
      patterns by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The EVs activated IL-1beta 
      production, possibly acting as the first signal in inflammasome activation. 
      Unlike the pathogenic species, the EVs isolated from F. erecta did not 
      significantly stimulate TNF and IL-10 production in general. Overall, these 
      results demonstrated that different species of Fonsecaea produce EVs capable of 
      modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production by 
      BMDMs and that growth conditions affected the immunomodulatory capacities of the 
      EVs as well as their size, content, and morphology.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Las-Casas, Marina, de Castro, Coelho, Bao, de Hoog, Vicente, 
      Fernandes and Bocca.
FAU - Las-Casas, Lucas de Oliveira
AU  - Las-Casas LO
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - Marina, Clara Luna Freitas
AU  - Marina CLF
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - de Castro, Raffael Junio Araujo
AU  - de Castro RJA
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - Coelho, Luisa Coutinho
AU  - Coelho LC
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - Bao, Sonia Nair
AU  - Bao SN
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - de Hoog, G Sybren
AU  - de Hoog GS
AD  - Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
AD  - Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius 
      Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
FAU - Vicente, Vania Aparecida
AU  - Vicente VA
AD  - Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
FAU - Fernandes, Larissa
AU  - Fernandes L
AD  - Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
FAU - Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti
AU  - Bocca AL
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220609
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
JID - 101585359
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ascomycota
MH  - *Chromoblastomycosis/microbiology/pathology
MH  - Cytokines
MH  - *Extracellular Vesicles
MH  - Fonsecaea
MH  - Macrophages
MH  - Nitric Oxide
MH  - Virulence
PMC - PMC9218254
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fonsecaea
OT  - chromoblastomycosis
OT  - extracellular vesicles
OT  - macrophages
OT  - muriform cells
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/28 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/06/27 03:55
PHST- 2022/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/27 03:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879018 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jun 9;12:879018. doi: 
      10.3389/fcimb.2022.879018. eCollection 2022.