PMID- 35761962
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1110-1083 (Print)
IS  - 1687-8329 (Electronic)
IS  - 1110-1083 (Linking)
VI  - 58
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022
TI  - Case report of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a 24-year-old female: an 
      uncommon presentation.
PG  - 79
LID - 10.1186/s41983-022-00512-7 [doi]
LID - 79
AB  - BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of 
      autoimmune encephalitis. Due to the variability of the initial symptoms, 
      anti-NMDAR encephalitis is not only underdiagnosed but also can be misdiagnosed 
      as viral encephalitis or other pathologies. The origin of this disease is often 
      paraneoplastic. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis preferentially affects children and young 
      adults, and it has a male/female ratio of 1/4. In case of clinical suspicion, 
      electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging are useful, but lumbar 
      puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis is used to confirm the diagnosis. 
      Treatment for this disease includes immunosuppression and tumour resection when 
      indicated. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 24-year-old female admitted 
      to the emergency room following the onset of acute confusion. Due to the rapid 
      deterioration of consciousness, swallowing disorders, respiratory failure and 
      severe bradycardia the patient was intubated. On day 23 after presentation, brain 
      magnetic resonance suggested autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid 
      results were positive for anti-NMDA antibodies. After IV methylprednisolone and 
      plasmapheresis and a second line therapy with corticosteroid and mycophenolic 
      acid, the patient's clinical condition gradually improved. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Anti-NMDAR encephalitis typically occurs in young patients with no history of 
      acute psychiatric symptoms. The possibility of this pathology should be taken 
      into account before diagnosing a patient with a psychiatric illness.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022.
FAU - Steeman, Antoine
AU  - Steeman A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5911-1421
AD  - Emergency Department, CHU Tivoli, La Louviere, Belgium.
FAU - Andriescu, Ionut
AU  - Andriescu I
AD  - Emergency Department, CHR de Huy, Huy, Belgium. GRID: grid.419763.e. ISNI: 0000 
      0004 0613 2899
FAU - Sporcq, Cecile
AU  - Sporcq C
AD  - Radiology Department, CHU Tivoli, La Louviere, Belgium.
FAU - Mathieu, Delphine
AU  - Mathieu D
AD  - Internal Medicine Department, CHU Tivoli, La Louviere, Belgium.
FAU - Meurant, Virginie
AU  - Meurant V
AD  - Emergency Department, CHU Tivoli, La Louviere, Belgium.
FAU - Mazairac, Guy
AU  - Mazairac G
AD  - Emergency Department, St. Nikolaus Hospital Eupen, Eupen, Belgium.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20220623
PL  - England
TA  - Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg
JT  - The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery
JID - 0043617
PMC - PMC9219394
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autoimmune encephalitis
OT  - Confusion
OT  - Neurology
OT  - Psychosis
COIS- Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/06/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/29 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/23
CRDT- 2022/06/28 02:03
PHST- 2022/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/28 02:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 512 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s41983-022-00512-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):79. doi: 
      10.1186/s41983-022-00512-7. Epub 2022 Jun 23.