PMID- 35766237
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220811
LR  - 20220811
IS  - 1477-2817 (Electronic)
IS  - 1477-2817 (Linking)
VI  - 76
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Apr
TI  - Effects of ensiling conditions on pyrrolizidine alkaloid degradation in silages 
      mixed with two different Senecio spp.
PG  - 93-111
LID - 10.1080/1745039X.2022.2084321 [doi]
AB  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) producing plants like Senecio jacobaea or Senecio 
      vernalis are undesirable in fields for forage production, since PA are toxic to 
      animals and humans. Previous studies have shown that ensiling can decrease the PA 
      content in forages; however, no direct comparison of diverse PA from different 
      Senecio spp. under various ensiling conditions has been made. Therefore, it was 
      hypothesised that individual PA might react differently to ensiling, and silage 
      inoculation with Lactobacillus will affect PA degradation because of a quick drop 
      in pH, contrastingly to poor silage qualities resulting from contamination with 
      soil. Laboratory scale grass silages were prepared in a multifactorial design 
      with two levels of dry matter contents, four ensiling treatments and two storage 
      durations (10 and 90 d). For each combination, four replicates were prepared 
      individually. Ensiling treatments were (1) 10 ml water per kg fresh matter as 
      control (CON), (2) 10 ml heterofermentative Lactobacillus buchneri strain LN4637 
      at 3 . 10(5) cfu/kg fresh matter plus 25 g molasses/kg fresh matter (LBHE), (3) 
      10 ml homofermentative lactobacilli at 3 . 10(5) cfu/kg fresh matter plus 25 g 
      molasses/kg fresh matter (LBHO) and (4) 10 g soil/kg fresh matter (SOIL). 
      Treatments affected formation of fermentation acids. Acetic acid was highest with 
      treatment LBHE, and butyric acid was highest with treatment SOIL. All ensiling 
      treatments effectively reduced total PA content by degrading the PA N-oxide 
      (PANO) fraction. In parallel, though, the fraction of the tertiary base forms 
      increased by around one-tenth of the original PANO content. Contents of jaconine 
      and senkirkine were higher after ensiling than before, with regards to the sum of 
      PA and PANO for jaconine, indicating higher stability or new formation through 
      degradation of other PA. Overall, ensiling offers opportunities to decrease the 
      PA-PANO content in feed and therefore lowers the risk of intoxication by Senecio 
      in livestock.
FAU - Klevenhusen, Fenja
AU  - Klevenhusen F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6015-5459
AD  - Department Safety in the Food Chain, The German Federal Institute for Risk 
      Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - These, Anja
AU  - These A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7306-2729
AD  - Department Safety in the Food Chain, The German Federal Institute for Risk 
      Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Taenzer, Julian
AU  - Taenzer J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9472-3776
AD  - Department Safety in the Food Chain, The German Federal Institute for Risk 
      Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Weiss, Kirsten
AU  - Weiss K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4496-1527
AD  - of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt-Universitat zu BerlinAlbrecht 
      Daniel Thaer-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Pieper, Robert
AU  - Pieper R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0292-1482
AD  - Department Safety in the Food Chain, The German Federal Institute for Risk 
      Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220629
PL  - England
TA  - Arch Anim Nutr
JT  - Archives of animal nutrition
JID - 101222433
RN  - 0 (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diet/veterinary
MH  - Fermentation
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/metabolism
MH  - *Senecio/chemistry
MH  - Silage/analysis
MH  - Soil
MH  - Zea mays/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Degradation
OT  - Senecio
OT  - fermentation
OT  - pyrrolizidine alkaloids
OT  - silage
OT  - toxicity
OT  - transfer
EDAT- 2022/06/30 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/12 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/29 06:33
PHST- 2022/06/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:33 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/1745039X.2022.2084321 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Anim Nutr. 2022 Apr;76(2):93-111. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2022.2084321. Epub 
      2022 Jun 29.