PMID- 35773654
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220704
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1471-2431 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2431 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jun 30
TI  - Age heterogeneities in child growth and its associated socio-demographic factors: 
      a cross-sectional study in India.
PG  - 384
LID - 10.1186/s12887-022-03415-x [doi]
LID - 384
AB  - BACKGROUND: The impacts of socio-demographic and environmental risk factors on 
      child growth have been widely documented. However, it remains unclear whether the 
      impacts of such risk factors on child growth have remained static or changed with 
      child's age. The present study aims to assess the underlying age heterogeneities 
      in child growth and its potential determinants over age in under-five children. 
      METHODS: Cross-sectional data on child height (measured as height-for-age 
      z-score, i.e., HAZ) and weight (measured as weight-for-age z-score, i.e., WAZ) 
      and potential confounding factors from India's 2015-16 National Family Health 
      Survey (NFHS) were used to construct anthropometric age-profiles by a number of 
      bio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Further, age-interacted 
      multilevel regression analyses were performed to examine differential effects of 
      such/those risk factors on child height and weight by age. RESULTS: Faltered 
      height and weight growth during first two years of life was noticed in children 
      of all socioeconomic groups studied, albeit with varying magnitude. In case of 
      child's height, factors such as short birth interval, higher birth order, 
      maternal education, household wealth, district level mortality rate have shown 
      strong interaction with child's age during the first 23 months, signifying their 
      age-varying role in different developmental stages of child growth. These factors 
      explain the observed upward and downward shifts in height curve during first two 
      years. Some of these variables (e.g., household wealth) have shown even stronger 
      age interactions after the second birthday of children. For child's weight, 
      interactive effects of most socio-demographic risk factors attenuated 
      parabolically with child's age. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of several risk factors, 
      measured at the child, mother, community, and district levels, on child growth 
      indicators varied significantly with the child's age. Nutritional interventions 
      aimed at preventing poor linear growth in children in India should consider these 
      underlying age heterogeneities for growth determinants into account.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Yadav, Suryakant
AU  - Yadav S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1579-9524
AD  - Department of Bio-Statistics and Epidemiology, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
FAU - Bhandari, Pravat
AU  - Bhandari P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9422-8094
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India. 
      pravat784@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220630
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Pediatr
JT  - BMC pediatrics
JID - 100967804
SB  - IM
MH  - Anthropometry
MH  - *Birth Intervals
MH  - *Body Height
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Infant
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
PMC - PMC9248138
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Age heterogeneities
OT  - Child growth
OT  - Height-for-age
OT  - India
OT  - Multilevel modelling
OT  - Socio-demographic factors
OT  - Weight-for-age
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/06 06:00
PMCR- 2022/06/30
CRDT- 2022/06/30 23:45
PHST- 2021/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/30 23:45 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12887-022-03415-x [pii]
AID - 3415 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12887-022-03415-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Pediatr. 2022 Jun 30;22(1):384. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03415-x.