PMID- 35777115 OWN - NLM STAT- Publisher LR - 20231013 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 166 DP - 2022 Aug TI - Mixture of environmental pollutants in breast milk from a Spanish cohort of nursing mothers. PG - 107375 LID - S0160-4120(22)00302-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107375 [doi] AB - Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival, with several benefits for both the infants and their mothers. However, breast milk can contain environmental pollutants with endocrine disruption capacity, neurotoxicity and/or potential to alter microbiota. Monitoring breast milk provides information on the current chemical exposure of breastfed infants and, in addition, on the current and historical exposure of nursing mothers. In this study, the levels of a wide range of pollutants were measured in breast milk of Spanish nursing mothers. Target chemicals were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxy-chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)), chlorpyrifos, bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and a number of toxic and essential elements. Traces of most chemicals were found. A correlation between the levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and maternal characteristics (age and body mass index) was observed, while smoking was associated to higher concentrations of some toxic elements. Higher levels of PCBs were detected in samples from Spanish primiparous mothers compared to non-Spanish multiparous women. Breast milk from low-income mothers showed higher content of DDT and DDE than high-income mothers. Although breastfeeding is clearly beneficial for babies, the exposure to this mixture of hazardous substances, as well as their interaction and combined effects must not be disregarded. CI - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Rovira, Joaquim AU - Rovira J AD - Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenc 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Martinez, Maria Angeles AU - Martinez MA AD - Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutricio, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mariaangeles.martinez@iispv.cat. FAU - Mari, Montse AU - Mari M AD - Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Cunha, Sara Cristina AU - Cunha SC AD - LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal. FAU - Fernandes, Jose Oliveira AU - Fernandes JO AD - LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal. FAU - Marmelo, Isa AU - Marmelo I AD - Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhaes Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. FAU - Marques, Antonio AU - Marques A AD - Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhaes Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. FAU - Haug, Line Smastuen AU - Haug LS AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Thomsen, Cathrine AU - Thomsen C AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Nadal, Marti AU - Nadal M AD - Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenc 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Domingo, Jose L AU - Domingo JL AD - Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenc 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Schuhmacher, Marta AU - Schuhmacher M AD - Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220625 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 SB - IM OTO - NOTNLM OT - Breast milk OT - Early life exposure OT - Endocrine disruptors OT - Human biomonitoring OT - Neurotoxicity OT - POPs OT - Pesticides EDAT- 2022/07/02 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/02 06:00 CRDT- 2022/07/01 18:14 PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/06/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/01 18:14 [entrez] AID - S0160-4120(22)00302-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107375 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2022 Aug;166:107375. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107375. Epub 2022 Jun 25.