PMID- 35785957
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221130
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1988-9518 (Electronic)
IS  - 0214-3429 (Print)
IS  - 0214-3429 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - Monkeypox in humans: a new outbreak.
PG  - 509-518
LID - martin06jul2022 [pii]
LID - 10.37201/req/059.2022 [doi]
AB  - Infection caused by Monkeypox Virus (MPVX) has small rodents as its natural 
      reservoir and both monkeys and humans are occasional hosts. The causative agent 
      is an Orthopoxvirus (MPVX) that was isolated in monkeys in 1958 and proved 
      capable of passing to humans in 1970. It remained contained in Africa, causing 
      isolated episodes of infection, until 2003 when an outbreak occurred in the 
      United States following importation of animals from that continent. Since then, 
      anecdotal cases have continued to be reported outside Africa, usually very 
      clearly linked to travelers to those countries, but in May 2022, a broad outbreak 
      of this disease has begun, now affecting several continents, with the emergence 
      of human cases of MPVX (H-MPVX) infection mainly among Men that have Sex with Men 
      (MSM). The disease has an incubation time ranging from 5 to 15 days and is 
      characterized by the presence of pustules, fever, malaise and headache. The 
      presence of significant regional lymphadenopathy is a differential feature with 
      episodes of classical smallpox. Proctitis and pharyngitis, with minimal skin 
      lesions, may be another form of presentation. Diagnosis can be confirmed by PCR 
      testing of lesions or by demonstration of MPVX in other body fluids or tissues, 
      although in the appropriate epidemiologic setting the clinical picture is highly 
      suggestive of the disease. Effective drug treatment has been developed as part of 
      programs to protect against potential bioterrorist agents and smallpox vaccinees 
      are known to have high protection against monkeypox. New vaccines are available, 
      but neither the drugs nor the vaccines are yet freely available on the market. 
      The prognosis of the disease appears, at least in adults in developed countries, 
      to be good, with very low mortality figures and much less aggressive behavior 
      than that described in classical smallpox. Isolation measures, essential for the 
      control of the outbreak, have been published by the health authorities.
CI  - (c)The Author 2022. Published by Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia. This article 
      is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 
      4.0 International (CC BY-NC 
      4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
FAU - Martin-Delgado, M C
AU  - Martin-Delgado MC
FAU - Martin Sanchez, F J
AU  - Martin Sanchez FJ
FAU - Martinez-Selles, M
AU  - Martinez-Selles M
FAU - Molero Garcia, J M
AU  - Molero Garcia JM
FAU - Moreno Guillen, S
AU  - Moreno Guillen S
FAU - Rodriguez-Artalejo, F J
AU  - Rodriguez-Artalejo FJ
FAU - Ruiz-Galiana, J
AU  - Ruiz-Galiana J
FAU - Canton, R
AU  - Canton R
FAU - De Lucas Ramos, P
AU  - De Lucas Ramos P
FAU - Garcia-Botella, A
AU  - Garcia-Botella A
FAU - Garcia-Lledo, A
AU  - Garcia-Lledo A
FAU - Hernandez-Sampelayo, T
AU  - Hernandez-Sampelayo T
FAU - Gomez-Pavon, J
AU  - Gomez-Pavon J
FAU - Gonzalez Del Castillo, J
AU  - Gonzalez Del Castillo J
FAU - Munoz, P
AU  - Munoz P
FAU - Valerio, M
AU  - Valerio M
FAU - Catalan, P
AU  - Catalan P
FAU - Burillo, A
AU  - Burillo A
FAU - Cobo, A
AU  - Cobo A
FAU - Alcami, A
AU  - Alcami A
FAU - Bouza, E
AU  - Bouza E
AD  - Servicio de Microbiologia Clinica y Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital General 
      Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Universidad Complutense. CIBERES. Ciber de 
      Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain. emilio.bouza@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220706
PL  - Spain
TA  - Rev Esp Quimioter
JT  - Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola 
      de Quimioterapia
JID - 9108821
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - United States
MH  - *Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology/diagnosis
MH  - *Smallpox/epidemiology
MH  - Homosexuality, Male
MH  - *Sexual and Gender Minorities
MH  - Monkeypox virus
MH  - Disease Outbreaks
PMC - PMC9728594
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MPVX
OT  - Monkeypox
OT  - Poxvirus
OT  - outbreaks
OT  - sexually transmitted infections
OT  - smallpox
OT  - vaccines
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest
EDAT- 2022/07/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/01 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/07/05 11:23
PHST- 2022/07/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/05 11:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - martin06jul2022 [pii]
AID - revespquimioter-35-509 [pii]
AID - 10.37201/req/059.2022 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rev Esp Quimioter. 2022 Dec;35(6):509-518. doi: 10.37201/req/059.2022. Epub 2022 
      Jul 6.