PMID- 35793585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220815
LR  - 20220815
IS  - 1873-2542 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 272
DP  - 2022 Sep
TI  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reinfection causes the 
      distribution of porcine interleukin-4 in close proximity to B lymphocytes within 
      lymphoid follicles and a reduction in B and T lymphocytes.
PG  - 109498
LID - S0378-1135(22)00168-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109498 [doi]
AB  - Interleukin 4 (IL-4) plays a major role in T-lymphocyte development and is 
      thought to be a central regulator as a cofactor in resting B-lymphocyte 
      proliferation. Primary infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory 
      syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces minimal IL-4 production, whereas an IL-4 response 
      occurs in the peripheral blood of piglets reinfected by PRRSV. The locations and 
      interaction partners for the massive volume of IL-4 triggered by PRRSV 
      reinfection remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics 
      of IL-4 secretion and location changes in peripheral immune organs induced by 
      PRRSV infection and reinfection. Our results show that PRRSV reinfection induced 
      higher levels of IL-4 mRNA and protein expression in the peripheral immune organs 
      (e.g., lymph node and spleen) and peripheral blood compared with PRRSV primary 
      infection. Importantly, we found that, following PRRSV reinfection, an obvious 
      large-scale migration of IL-4 occurred in the lymph nodes. During PRRSV primary 
      infection, IL-4 was mainly concentrated around the lymphoid follicles and 
      paracortical regions of the lymph node and also located in the marginal area and 
      periarterial lymphatic sheath region of the spleen. During PRRSV reinfection, the 
      now abundant IL-4 gathered into the lymphoid follicles of the lymph node and 
      spleen. Notably, IL-4 changed its location state from scattered and sparse during 
      primary infection to clinging to B lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles during 
      reinfection. During reinfection, IL-4 was often co-localized with T and B 
      lymphocytes; furthermore, the percentages of several T lymphocyte subsets, N 
      protein-specific antibody levels, and viral load in the peripheral blood or lymph 
      tissues underwent remarkable variation. Another important finding of this study 
      was that the numbers of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in the lymphoid nodes 
      were significantly reduced after PRRSV infection or reinfection, presumably due 
      to PRRSV-induced acute bone marrow failure and autophagy in thymic epithelial 
      cells. This study revealed the characteristics of IL-4 migration and distribution 
      in the peripheral lymph organs induced by PRRSV reinfection and provides valuable 
      clues for further exploration of the interactions between IL-4, B lymphocytes, 
      and T lymphocytes during PRRSV infection and reinfection.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhu, Ying-Chun
AU  - Zhu YC
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Cao, Xin-Ya
AU  - Cao XY
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Pang, Heng
AU  - Pang H
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Wang, Ting-Ting
AU  - Wang TT
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Li, Chuan-Gang
AU  - Li CG
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
FAU - Peng, Jun
AU  - Peng J
AD  - Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key 
      Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, East China 
      Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of 
      Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, China. Electronic address: 
      jpeng@sdau.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220627
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - B-Lymphocytes
MH  - Interleukin-4
MH  - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
MH  - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
MH  - Reinfection/veterinary
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Swine Diseases
MH  - T-Lymphocytes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IL-4
OT  - Localization
OT  - Migration
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Reinfection
EDAT- 2022/07/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/06 18:14
PHST- 2022/03/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/06 18:14 [entrez]
AID - S0378-1135(22)00168-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109498 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2022 Sep;272:109498. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109498. Epub 2022 
      Jun 27.