PMID- 35800187 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220711 LR - 20220716 IS - 2219-2840 (Electronic) IS - 1007-9327 (Print) IS - 1007-9327 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 21 DP - 2022 Jun 7 TI - Intermittent hypoxia is involved in gut microbial dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. PG - 2320-2333 LID - 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2320 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been recognized as a comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); more than half of T2DM patients suffer from OSAHS. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) plays an important role in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and OSAHS, through various mechanisms, including altering the gut microecological composition and function. Therefore, it is important to study the role of gut microbiota in T2DM patients with OSAHS, which has a high incidence and is prone to several complications. AIM: To assess whether IH is involved in altering the fecal microbiome in T2DM patients with OSAHS. METHODS: Seventy-eight participants were enrolled from Henan Province People's Hospital and divided into healthy control (HC, n = 26), T2DM (n = 25), and T2DM + OSA (n = 27) groups based on their conditions. The fecal bacterial DNA of the research participants was extracted and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The clinical indices, such as insulin resistance index, homocysteine (HCY) concentration, and the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood, were assessed and recorded. RESULTS: Group T2DM + OSA had the highest apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (2.3 vs 3.7 vs 13.7), oxygen desaturation index (0.65 vs 2.2 vs 9.1), HCY concentration (9.6 mumol/L vs 10.3 mumol/L vs 13.81 mumol/L) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (0.3 mg/L vs 1.43 mg/L vs 2.11 mg/L), and lowest mean oxygen saturation (97.05% vs 96.6% vs 94.7%) among the three groups. Twelve and fifteen key differences in amplicon sequence variants were identified when comparing group T2DM + OSA with groups T2DM and HC, respectively. We found progressively decreased levels of Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, and Lachnospiraceae, and an increase in the level of Actinomyces, which strongly correlated with the HCY, CRP, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c concentrations, AHI, mean oxygen saturation, and insulin resistance index in group T2DM + OSA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For T2DM patients with OSAHS, IH may be involved in selective alterations of the gut microbiota, which may affect the pathophysiological development of T2DM and DM-related complications. CI - (c)The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Tang, Sha-Sha AU - Tang SS AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Liang, Cheng-Hong AU - Liang CH AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Liu, Ya-Lei AU - Liu YL AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Wei, Wei AU - Wei W AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Deng, Xin-Ru AU - Deng XR AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Shi, Xiao-Yang AU - Shi XY AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Wang, Li-Min AU - Wang LM AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Zhang, Li-Jun AU - Zhang LJ AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. FAU - Yuan, Hui-Juan AU - Yuan HJ AD - Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Diabetes, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China. hjyuan@zzu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - World J Gastroenterol JT - World journal of gastroenterology JID - 100883448 RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - C-Reactive Protein MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/diagnosis MH - Dysbiosis/complications MH - *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology MH - Humans MH - Hypoxia/etiology MH - Insulin MH - *Insulin Resistance MH - Polysomnography/adverse effects MH - *Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Syndrome PMC - PMC9185213 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Gut microbiota OT - Intermittent hypoxia OT - Obstructive sleep apnea OT - Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome OT - Type 2 diabetes mellitus COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2022/07/09 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/12 06:00 PMCR- 2022/06/07 CRDT- 2022/07/08 02:46 PHST- 2022/01/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/04/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/08 02:46 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2320 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jun 7;28(21):2320-2333. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2320.