PMID- 35800277
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2224-4344 (Print)
IS  - 2224-4344 (Electronic)
IS  - 2224-4336 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - Vortex formation time as an index of left ventricular filling efficiency: 
      comparison between children volunteers and patients with tetralogy of Fallot.
PG  - 869-881
LID - 10.21037/tp-22-67 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Vortex formation time (VFT) had been considered a useful marker for 
      assessing diastolic performance. the VFT assessment of diastolic function using 
      four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has not been 
      used in repair of tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patient. The aims of this study were 
      as follows: (I) establish reference ranges for VFT measurements in healthy 
      children and adolescents using 4D flow CMR imaging; and (II) analyze VFT 
      parameters to assess diastole dysfunction in rTOF patients group. METHODS: We 
      acquired the CMR data was of 62 healthy participants (aged 6-18 years; male: 40, 
      female: 22) and 20 patients with rTOF (aged 10-13 years; male: 15, female: 5) 
      using 4D flow and cine sequence in routine chamber view. The VFT was calculated 
      based on comparison of different algorithms from cine measurements (VFT(volume)) 
      and 4D flow measurements (VFT(blood)). Then, VFT measurements were compared to 
      subject peak filling rate (PFR), age, and cardiac mass using simple linear 
      regression and multiple regression analyses. Data were also categorized according 
      to age for VFT and cardiac functional assessment comparisons between 3 age groups 
      (Group 1: 6-9 years; Group 2: 10-13 years; Group 3: 14-18 years). The correlation 
      of VFT and cardiac function parameters were analyzed in the rTOF group. RESULTS: 
      Normal mean value of VFT(volume) and VFT(blood) were 4.25+/-0.92 and 3.77+/-1.11 in 
      healthy children participants. The VFT(volume) was correlated with VFT(blood) 
      (r=0.61, P<0.001). There was a moderately significant correlation between 
      VFT(volume) and PFR (r=0.46, P<0.001) and between VFT(blood) and PFR (r=0.47, 
      P<0.001), age (r=0.41, P=0.002) and left ventricular (LV) mass (r=0.48, P<0.001). 
      Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that VFT(volume) was independently 
      associated with PFR (T=2.239; P<0.05) and VFT(blood) (T=4.361; P<0.001). There 
      was a significant difference in VFT(volume) between healthy controls and rTOF 
      patients (5.44+/-1.93 vs. 4.27+/-0.88, P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The VFT measurements 
      showed that the LV that had appropriate space to form the optimal vortex ring in 
      normal children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old. The VFT(volume) could 
      potentially be helpful in improving our understanding of LV diastolic dysfunction 
      in rTOF patients.
CI  - 2022 Translational Pediatrics. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hu, Li-Wei
AU  - Hu LW
AD  - Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with 
      Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Xiang, Yang
AU  - Xiang Y
AD  - J.C. Wu Center for Aerodynamics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 
      Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Qin, Su-Yang
AU  - Qin SY
AD  - J.C. Wu Center for Aerodynamics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 
      Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Ouyang, Rong-Zhen
AU  - Ouyang RZ
AD  - Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with 
      Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Liu, Jin-Long
AU  - Liu JL
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical 
      Center Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Peng, Ya-Feng
AU  - Peng YF
AD  - Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with 
      Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Xie, Wei-Hui
AU  - Xie WH
AD  - Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with 
      Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yong
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - MR Research, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Liu, Hong
AU  - Liu H
AD  - J.C. Wu Center for Aerodynamics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai 
      Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Zhong, Yu-Min
AU  - Zhong YM
AD  - Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with 
      Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Transl Pediatr
JT  - Translational pediatrics
JID - 101649179
PMC - PMC9253934
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 4D flow
OT  - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)
OT  - intra-cardiac blood flow patterns
OT  - vortex flow
OT  - vortex formation time (VFT)
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure 
      form (available at https://tp.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tp-22-67/coif). 
      All authors report technical assistance from Gaston Vogel and Qiuchen Wang (Pie 
      Medical Imaging Corporation Netherlands), and statistical assistance from Tingfan 
      Wu (GE Healthcare). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2022/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/09 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/01
CRDT- 2022/07/08 02:47
PHST- 2022/02/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/08 02:47 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tp-11-06-869 [pii]
AID - 10.21037/tp-22-67 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Transl Pediatr. 2022 Jun;11(6):869-881. doi: 10.21037/tp-22-67.