PMID- 35803810
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220711
IS  - 1089-7690 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9606 (Linking)
VI  - 157
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jul 7
TI  - The laws of thermodynamics for quantum dissipative systems: A quasi-equilibrium 
      Helmholtz energy approach.
PG  - 014104
LID - 10.1063/5.0093666 [doi]
AB  - By using the quasi-equilibrium Helmholtz energy, which is defined as the 
      thermodynamic work in a quasi-static process, we investigate the thermal 
      properties of both an isothermal process and a transition process between the 
      adiabatic and isothermal states (adiabatic transition). Here, the work is defined 
      by the change in energy from a steady state to another state under a 
      time-dependent perturbation. In particular, the work for a quasi-static change is 
      regarded as thermodynamic work. We employ a system-bath model that involves 
      time-dependent perturbations in both the system and the system-bath interaction. 
      We conduct numerical experiments for a three-stroke heat machine (a Kelvin-Planck 
      cycle). For this purpose, we employ the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) 
      approach. These experiments involve an adiabatic transition field that describes 
      the operation of an adiabatic wall between the system and the bath. 
      Thermodynamic-work diagrams for external fields and their conjugate variables, 
      similar to the P-V diagram, are introduced to analyze the work done for the 
      system in the cycle. We find that the thermodynamic efficiency of this machine is 
      zero because the field for the isothermal processes acts as a refrigerator, 
      whereas that for the adiabatic wall acts as a heat engine. This is a numerical 
      manifestation of the Kelvin-Planck statement, which states that it is impossible 
      to derive the mechanical effects from a single heat source. These HEOM 
      simulations serve as a rigorous test of thermodynamic formulations because the 
      second law of thermodynamics is only valid when the work involved in the 
      operation of the adiabatic wall is treated accurately.
FAU - Koyanagi, Shoki
AU  - Koyanagi S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8607-1699
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 
      606-8502, Japan.
FAU - Tanimura, Yoshitaka
AU  - Tanimura Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7913-054X
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 
      606-8502, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Chem Phys
JT  - The Journal of chemical physics
JID - 0375360
SB  - IM
EDAT- 2022/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/09 06:01
CRDT- 2022/07/08 22:04
PHST- 2022/07/08 22:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/09 06:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1063/5.0093666 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chem Phys. 2022 Jul 7;157(1):014104. doi: 10.1063/5.0093666.