PMID- 35805332
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220712
LR  - 20220827
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 13
DP  - 2022 Jun 23
TI  - Occupational Exposure Assessment of the Static Magnetic Field Generated by 
      Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Case Study.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph19137674 [doi]
LID - 7674
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) systems are used in academic research laboratories and 
      industrial research fields, besides representing one of the most important 
      imaging modalities in clinical radiology. This technology does not use ionizing 
      radiation, but it cannot be considered without risks. These risks are associated 
      with the working principle of the technique, which mainly involves static 
      magnetic fields that continuously increase-namely, the radiofrequency (RF) field 
      and spatial magnetic field gradient. To prevent electromagnetic hazards, the EU 
      and ICNIRP have defined workers' exposure limits. Several studies that assess 
      health risks for workers and patients of diagnostic MR are reported in the 
      literature, but data on workers' risk evaluation using nuclear MR (NMR) 
      spectroscopy are very poor. Therefore, the aim of this research is the risk 
      assessment of an NMR environment, paying particular attention to workers with 
      active implantable medical devices (AIMDs). Our perspective study consisted of 
      the measurement of the static magnetic field around a 300 MHz (7 T) NMR research 
      spectrometer and the computation of the electric field induced by the movements 
      of an operator. None of the calculated exposure parameters exceeded the threshold 
      limits imposed by legislation for protection against short-term effects of acute 
      occupational exposure, but our results revealed that the level of exposure 
      exceeded the action level threshold limit for workers with AIMD during the 
      execution of tasks requiring the closest proximity to the spectrometer. Moreover, 
      the strong dependence of the induced electric field results from the walking 
      speed models is shown. This case study represents a snapshot of the NMR risk 
      assessment with the specific goal to increase the interest in the safety of NMR 
      environments.
FAU - Hartwig, Valentina
AU  - Hartwig V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8453-5368
AD  - Institute of Clinical Physiology IFC-CNR, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Sansotta, Carlo
AU  - Sansotta C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3371-108X
AD  - Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, 
      University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Morelli, Maria Sole
AU  - Morelli MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6692-2417
AD  - Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Testagrossa, Barbara
AU  - Testagrossa B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4671-1820
AD  - Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, 
      University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
FAU - Acri, Giuseppe
AU  - Acri G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8897-2853
AD  - Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, 
      University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220623
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - *Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Fields
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - *Occupational Exposure/analysis
MH  - Radio Waves
PMC - PMC9265854
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AIMDs
OT  - MR safety
OT  - NMR
OT  - RISK evaluation
OT  - occupational exposure
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/14 06:00
PMCR- 2022/06/23
CRDT- 2022/07/09 01:06
PHST- 2022/05/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/09 01:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph19137674 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-07674 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph19137674 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 23;19(13):7674. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph19137674.