PMID- 35814466
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2234-943X (Print)
IS  - 2234-943X (Electronic)
IS  - 2234-943X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2022
TI  - Leukemic Stem Cell: A Mini-Review on Clinical Perspectives.
PG  - 931050
LID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.931050 [doi]
LID - 931050
AB  - Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their ability to proliferate and 
      self-renew, thus being responsible for sustaining the hematopoietic system and 
      residing in the bone marrow (BM). Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are recognized by 
      their stemness features such as drug resistance, self-renewal, and 
      undifferentiated state. LSCs are also present in BM, being found in only 0.1%, 
      approximately. This makes their identification and even their differentiation 
      difficult since, despite the mutations, they are cells that still have many 
      similarities with HSCs. Although the common characteristics, LSCs are 
      heterogeneous cells and have different phenotypic characteristics, genetic 
      mutations, and metabolic alterations. This whole set of alterations enables the 
      cell to initiate the process of carcinogenesis, in addition to conferring drug 
      resistance and providing relapses. The study of LSCs has been evolving and its 
      application can help patients, where through its count as a biomarker, it can 
      indicate a prognostic factor and reveal treatment results. The selection of a 
      target to LSC therapy is fundamental. Ideally, the target chosen should be highly 
      expressed by LSCs, highly selective, absence of expression on other cells, in 
      particular HSC, and preferentially expressed by high numbers of patients. In view 
      of the large number of similarities between LSCs and HSCs, it is not surprising 
      that current treatment approaches are limited. In this mini review we seek to 
      describe the immunophenotypic characteristics and mechanisms of resistance 
      presented by LSCs, also approaching possible alternatives for the treatment of 
      patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Barreto, Pessoa, Machado, Pantoja, Ribeiro, Lopes, Amaral de 
      Moraes, de Moraes Filho, de Souza, Burbano, Khayat and Moreira-Nunes.
FAU - Barreto, Igor Valentim
AU  - Barreto IV
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - Pessoa, Flavia Melo Cunha de Pinho
AU  - Pessoa FMCP
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - Machado, Caio Bezerra
AU  - Machado CB
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - Pantoja, Laudreisa da Costa
AU  - Pantoja LDC
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Octavio Lobo Children's Hospital, Belem, Brazil.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University 
      of Para, Belem, Brazil.
FAU - Ribeiro, Rodrigo Monteiro
AU  - Ribeiro RM
AD  - Department of Hematology, Fortaleza General Hospital (HGF), Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - Lopes, Germison Silva
AU  - Lopes GS
AD  - Department of Hematology, Cesar Cals General Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - Amaral de Moraes, Maria Elisabete
AU  - Amaral de Moraes ME
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - de Moraes Filho, Manoel Odorico
AU  - de Moraes Filho MO
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza, Lucas Eduardo Botelho
AU  - de Souza LEB
AD  - Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Burbano, Rommel Mario Rodriguez
AU  - Burbano RMR
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University 
      of Para, Belem, Brazil.
FAU - Khayat, Andre Salim
AU  - Khayat AS
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University 
      of Para, Belem, Brazil.
FAU - Moreira-Nunes, Caroline Aquino
AU  - Moreira-Nunes CA
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and 
      Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University 
      of Para, Belem, Brazil.
AD  - Ceara State University, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Fortaleza, 
      Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220624
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Oncol
JT  - Frontiers in oncology
JID - 101568867
PMC - PMC9270022
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - clinical relapse
OT  - drug resistance
OT  - hematopoietic stem cells
OT  - leukemia stem cell
OT  - molecular biomarkers
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/07/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/12 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/07/11 04:17
PHST- 2022/04/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/11 04:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.931050 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Oncol. 2022 Jun 24;12:931050. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931050. eCollection 
      2022.