PMID- 35817266
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220907
LR  - 20220907
IS  - 1879-3177 (Electronic)
IS  - 0887-2333 (Linking)
VI  - 84
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - The correlation of haptenation of gold nanoparticles and cysteine modified screen 
      printed carbon electrode by impedance technique with local lymph node assay data.
PG  - 105433
LID - S0887-2333(22)00131-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105433 [doi]
AB  - Skin sensitization occurs when a skin sensitizer binds covalently to skin 
      proteins through the haptenation process. The objective of this study was to 
      correlate the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data of a screen 
      printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with cysteine and gold nanoparticles 
      (AuNPs) with local lymph node assay (LLNA) data as a potential skin sensitizer 
      biosensor. The EIS was used to quantify variations in charge transfer resistance 
      of skin sensitizers (DeltaR(CT)(skin sensitizer)) due to different binding rates of 
      skin sensitizers to cysteine. SPCE was modified through electrodeposition of 
      AuNPs/thiourea/self-assembly of AuNPs/cysteine (assigned as ETSC) for the 
      detection of skin sensitizers. Surface analysis of modified SPCEs using FESEM and 
      EDX revealed a smooth surface with an uneven distribution of cysteine with AuNPs 
      molecules. The ETSC modified SPCE showed a significant skin sensitizer biosensor 
      since the DeltaR(CT)(skin sensitizer) readings were increased proportionally to the 
      strength of the skin sensitizers, with strong/extreme skin sensitizers displaying 
      higher DeltaR(CT)(skin sensitizer) readings compared to moderate and weak/non-skin 
      sensitizers. The skin sensitization analysis from this work was compared to LLNA 
      (animal study), human cell line activation (h-CLAT), direct peptide reactivity 
      assay (DPRA), and KeratinoSens, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) matched the 
      categorization of LLNA in the following descending order: 96%, 92%, 82%, 70%, 
      70%, and 12%. With just an 8% mismatch with LLNA data, the EIS approach used in 
      this study could be used as a screening tool for skin sensitizers.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Noh, Teh Ubaidah
AU  - Noh TU
AD  - Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Energy 
      Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; 
      Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, 
      Johor, Malaysia.
FAU - Aziz, Azila Abd
AU  - Aziz AA
AD  - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan 
      International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala 
      Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of 
      Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, 
      Malaysia. Electronic address: r-azila@utm.my.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220709
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol In Vitro
JT  - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with 
      BIBRA
JID - 8712158
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
RN  - 7440-57-5 (Gold)
RN  - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carbon
MH  - Cysteine
MH  - *Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
MH  - Electric Impedance
MH  - Electrodes
MH  - Gold
MH  - Humans
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - *Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Charge transfer resistance
OT  - Cysteine
OT  - Gold nanoparticles
OT  - Impedance
OT  - Local lymph node assay
OT  - Skin sensitizer
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/07/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/08 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/11 19:25
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/11 19:25 [entrez]
AID - S0887-2333(22)00131-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105433 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol In Vitro. 2022 Oct;84:105433. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105433. Epub 2022 
      Jul 9.