PMID- 35842046
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220928
LR  - 20220928
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 307
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 2022 Nov
TI  - Atmospheric particulate-bound mercury (PBM(10)) in a Southeast Asia megacity: 
      Sources and health risk assessment.
PG  - 135707
LID - S0045-6535(22)02200-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135707 [doi]
AB  - Particulate-bound mercury (PBM) is a global environmental concern owing to its 
      large dry deposition velocities and scavenging coefficients, both of which drive 
      Hg into terrestrial and marine ecosystems. PBM observation studies have been 
      widely conducted over East Asia, but comparable studies in Peninsular Southeast 
      Asia (PSEA) remain scarce. This is the first study reporting PBM concentrations 
      for Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the biggest metropolitan area in Vietnam. A total of 
      222 samples were collected in 2018 and contained an average PBM(10) (particulate 
      matter - PM with diameter </=10 mum) concentration and Hg mass fraction (i.e. 
      PBM/PM) of 67.3 +/- 45.9 pg m(-3) and 1.18 +/- 1.12 mug g(-1), respectively. Although 
      PBM concentration was lower than those reported in Chinese megacities, the Hg 
      mass fraction was similar to those in China, suggesting strong enrichment from 
      anthropogenic Hg emissions in HCMC. Traffic-induced particulate emission and 
      deposition processes were major factors governing PBM temporal variation at our 
      site. In addition, the prevailing southwest monsoon winds brought air masses that 
      passed through industrial areas and were associated with a higher Hg mass 
      fraction. Statistically significant positive correlations (R(2) = 0.11-0.52, 
      p < 0.01) were observed for PBM with PM and the Hg mass fraction, indicating 
      similar PM and Hg sources or oxidized Hg adsorption onto PM via gas-particle 
      partitioning. Moreover, PCA results revealed a higher contribution of primary 
      sources than secondary sources to PBM concentration variability in HCMC. A health 
      risk assessment indicated that the PBM concentrations at HCMC posed minimal 
      non-carcinogenic risks (HI < 1) for children and adults, but dermal contact may 
      act as an important exposure route since lightweight clothing is common among 
      residents. This PBM dataset over PSEA, a region with high atmospheric Hg 
      emissions, provides a valuable resource for the Hg scientific community to 
      improve our understanding of Hg biogeochemical cycle.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Nguyen, Ly Sy Phu
AU  - Nguyen LSP
AD  - Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam 
      National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Electronic address: 
      nlsphu@hcmus.edu.vn.
FAU - Hien, To Thi
AU  - Hien TT
AD  - Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam 
      National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Truong, Minh Tri
AU  - Truong MT
AD  - Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam 
      National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Chi, Nguyen Doan Thien
AU  - Chi NDT
AD  - Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam 
      National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Sheu, Guey-Rong
AU  - Sheu GR
AD  - Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 
      Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, 
      Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: grsheu@atm.ncu.edu.tw.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220713
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 11139-69-8 (phytobacteriomycin)
RN  - 54003-27-9 (Streptothricins)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Asia, Southeastern
MH  - Child
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mercury/analysis
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Streptothricins
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Health risk
OT  - Ho Chi Minh City
OT  - Particulate-bound mercury
OT  - Source apportionment
OT  - Southeast Asia
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/07/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/16 19:25
PHST- 2022/04/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/16 19:25 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(22)02200-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135707 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 1):135707. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135707. 
      Epub 2022 Jul 13.