PMID- 35842145
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220908
LR  - 20220908
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 845
DP  - 2022 Nov 1
TI  - Effect of storage on the levels of phthalates in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 
      film-packaged drinking water.
PG  - 157347
LID - S0048-9697(22)04445-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157347 [doi]
AB  - High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)-packaged water is a popular choice for urban 
      potable water across Africa. However, the sources and fate of priority chemical 
      contaminants have not been adequately reported. The present study seeks to 
      determine the effect of storage and labelling on the levels of phthalates - 
      dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 
      benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-hexylethyl) phthalate (DEHP) - in HDPE 
      packaged water. Printed and unprinted 500 mL packet samples, treated water and 
      raw water samples were collected from two major companies in Accra and stored at 
      three temperature levels for 28 days. Phthalates were extracted and 
      pre-concentrated for analysis by GC-MS weekly. The results indicated that 
      phthalates loading became detectable within the first 7 days of incubation, with 
      printed samples showing higher concentrations than unprinted samples at every 
      incubation temperature. The highest concentration was recorded for BBP (1.03 mug/L 
      between a lower and upper confidence limits of 0.62 mug/L and 1.42 mug/L). 
      Temperature significantly affected the concentration of DMP for printed packets 
      (p-value = 0.05) and unprinted samples (p-value = 0.06), BBP across all samples, 
      and DEHP in printed samples (p-value = 0.06). On the other hand, storage duration 
      significantly affected the concentration of BBP across all samples. There was a 
      very strong correlation between printing and the concentration of phthalates in 
      the water samples (p-values <0.001) across the storage temperatures. Effect size 
      analysis established significant differences between site-specific printed and 
      unprinted samples. The present study revealed weak interactions between the 
      selected phthalates and the HDPE matrix, and recommends alternative packaging 
      that can restrict the presence of phthalates and other priority chemicals in 
      plastic packaged drinking water.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Angnunavuri, Prosper Naah
AU  - Angnunavuri PN
AD  - School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 
      University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana. Electronic address: 
      prosper.angnunavuri.stu@uenr.edu.gh.
FAU - Attiogbe, Francis
AU  - Attiogbe F
AD  - School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 
      University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
FAU - Mensah, Bismark
AU  - Mensah B
AD  - School of Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220714
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Drinking Water)
RN  - 0 (Phthalic Acids)
RN  - 2286E5R2KE (Dibutyl Phthalate)
RN  - 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - C42K0PH13C (Diethylhexyl Phthalate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dibutyl Phthalate/analysis
MH  - *Diethylhexyl Phthalate/analysis
MH  - *Drinking Water/analysis
MH  - *Phthalic Acids/analysis
MH  - Polyethylene/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ink migration
OT  - Plastic additives
OT  - Public health
OT  - Sachet drinking water
OT  - Water safety
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/07/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/16 19:27
PHST- 2022/04/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/16 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)04445-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157347 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 1;845:157347. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157347. 
      Epub 2022 Jul 14.