PMID- 35843040
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221108
LR  - 20221222
IS  - 1873-1244 (Electronic)
IS  - 0899-9007 (Linking)
VI  - 103-104
DP  - 2022 Nov-Dec
TI  - Prevalence and determinants of primary hypertension in urban and rural children 
      from six Indian states: A multicenter study.
PG  - 111759
LID - S0899-9007(22)00172-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111759 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Among urban and rural Indian children ages 9 to 18 y, we aimed to 
      assess the prevalence and determinants of primary hypertension (PH), and explore 
      the relationship of fat indices and body composition with hypertension. METHODS: 
      Data from a multicenter study (2016-2017), representative of children (age 9-18 
      y) from six states were analyzed (n = 1818; urban n = 895). All anthropometric 
      parameters (Z-scores), blood pressure (BP), body composition, and resting 
      metabolic rate (RMR) were measured. Information from a 2-d 24-h diet recall was 
      collected, nutrient and food group intakes were calculated, and physical activity 
      (PA) was assessed. Children were categorized as normotensive or pre-/hypertensive 
      (>90(th) percentile), and a regression analysis was carried out for determinants. 
      RESULTS: Urban children were significantly taller, heavier, more overweight or 
      obese (25% vs. 11%), pre-/hypertensive (18% vs. 10%), adipose, and had lower 
      RMR/weight than rural children. All hypertensive children had higher fat indices, 
      lower muscle mass, and RMR/weight than those who were normotensive (P < 0.05). 
      Rural hypertensive children consumed more junk food, simple carbohydrate (CHO), 
      fat, and sodium than those who were normotensive. RMR (R(2) = 33%) was found to 
      be an important predictor of BP in rural children and body mass index 
      (R(2) = 46%) in urban children, followed by central and peripheral obesity, PA, 
      and diet. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that rural children are also at risk 
      of developing PH, especially those with a higher intake of junk food and 
      carbohydrate. Another interesting finding was the negative association of PH with 
      RMR/weight, increasing PA, as well as a micronutrient-rich diet with calcium and 
      magnesium vital to prevent PH. Health care policies need to focus on the 
      increasing prevalence of obesity and PH, not only in urban, but also rural 
      children where different strategies may have to be applied.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Vispute, Smruti
AU  - Vispute S
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India; Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, 
      Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
FAU - Mandlik, Rubina
AU  - Mandlik R
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India.
FAU - Patwardhan, Vivek
AU  - Patwardhan V
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India.
FAU - Gondhalekar, Ketan
AU  - Gondhalekar K
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India.
FAU - Khadilkar, Vaman
AU  - Khadilkar V
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India; Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, 
      Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
FAU - Khadilkar, Anuradha
AU  - Khadilkar A
AD  - Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, 
      Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India; Interdisciplinary School of Health Science, 
      Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India. Electronic address: 
      anuradhavkhadilkar@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20220602
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutrition
JT  - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
JID - 8802712
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Urban Population
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - *Obesity
MH  - *Hypertension/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Carbohydrates
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Determinants
OT  - Diet
OT  - Prevalence
OT  - Primary hypertension
OT  - Resting metabolic rate
OT  - Urban-rural, Indian children and adolescents
EDAT- 2022/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/17 18:19
PHST- 2021/07/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/17 18:19 [entrez]
AID - S0899-9007(22)00172-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111759 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutrition. 2022 Nov-Dec;103-104:111759. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111759. Epub 2022 
      Jun 2.