PMID- 35844216 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230919 IS - 1662-4548 (Print) IS - 1662-453X (Electronic) IS - 1662-453X (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2022 TI - Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities-Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. PG - 915405 LID - 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405 [doi] LID - 915405 AB - Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an expanding worldwide crisis. In the absence of scientific breakthroughs, the global prevalence of ADRD will continue to increase as more people are living longer. Racial or ethnic minority groups have an increased risk and incidence of ADRD and have often been neglected by the scientific research community. There is mounting evidence that vascular insults in the brain can initiate a series of biological events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. We are a group of researchers interested in developing and expanding ADRD research, with an emphasis on vascular contributions to dementia, to serve our local diverse community. Toward this goal, the primary objective of this review was to investigate and better understand health disparities in Alabama and the contributions of the social determinants of health to those disparities, particularly in the context of vascular dysfunction in ADRD. Here, we explain the neurovascular dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Next, we ascertain ethnoregional health disparities of individuals living in Alabama, as well as relevant vascular risk factors linked to AD. We also discuss current pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options for neurovascular dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, including relevant studies and ongoing clinical trials. Overall, individuals in Alabama are adversely affected by social and structural determinants of health leading to health disparities, driven by rurality, ethnic minority status, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). In general, these communities have limited access to healthcare and healthy food and other amenities resulting in decreased opportunities for early diagnosis of and pharmaceutical treatments for ADRD. Although this review is focused on the current state of health disparities of ADRD patients in Alabama, future studies must include diversity of race, ethnicity, and region to best be able to treat all individuals affected by ADRD. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Saiyasit, Butlig, Chaney, Traylor, Hawley, Randall, Bobinger, Frizell, Trimm, Crook, Lin, Hill, Keller and Nelson. FAU - Saiyasit, Napatsorn AU - Saiyasit N AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Butlig, Evan-Angelo R AU - Butlig ER AD - Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Chaney, Samantha D AU - Chaney SD AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Traylor, Miranda K AU - Traylor MK AD - Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Hawley, Nanako A AU - Hawley NA AD - Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Randall, Ryleigh B AU - Randall RB AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Bobinger, Hanna V AU - Bobinger HV AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Frizell, Carl A AU - Frizell CA AD - Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Trimm, Franklin AU - Trimm F AD - College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Crook, Errol D AU - Crook ED AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Lin, Mike AU - Lin M AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Hill, Benjamin D AU - Hill BD AD - Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Keller, Joshua L AU - Keller JL AD - Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. FAU - Nelson, Amy R AU - Nelson AR AD - Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States. LA - eng GR - L60 AG079454/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R00 AG058780/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL140182/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20220629 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Neurosci JT - Frontiers in neuroscience JID - 101478481 PMC - PMC9279126 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alabama (United States) OT - Alzheimer's disease OT - dementia OT - health disparities OT - neurovascular dysfunction COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/07/19 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/19 06:01 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/07/18 03:34 PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/18 03:34 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/19 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Neurosci. 2022 Jun 29;16:915405. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405. eCollection 2022.