PMID- 35844529
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220719
LR  - 20220720
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back.
PG  - 932893
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893 [doi]
LID - 932893
AB  - Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism 
      has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity 
      of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, 
      within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to 
      the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and 
      adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and 
      their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu 
      of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation 
      of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells 
      shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the 
      differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the 
      nuclear receptor PPARgamma, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell 
      differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 
      2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment 
      during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on 
      peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we 
      will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated 
      during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic 
      Th2-biased immune responses.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Schmidt, Hogan, Fallon and Schwartz.
FAU - Schmidt, Viviane
AU  - Schmidt V
AD  - Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, 
      Universitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Hogan, Andrew E
AU  - Hogan AE
AD  - Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
AD  - Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent's University Hospital and University 
      College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Fallon, Padraic G
AU  - Fallon PG
AD  - Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College 
      Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Schwartz, Christian
AU  - Schwartz C
AD  - Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, 
      Universitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
AD  - Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220630
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Adipokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipokines/metabolism
MH  - *Adipose Tissue
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - *Obesity
PMC - PMC9279727
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T helper cell 2
OT  - Th2 (type-2) immune responses
OT  - adipokine cytokines
OT  - helminth
OT  - malnutrition
OT  - metabolism
OT  - obesity
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/07/19 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/07/18 03:38
PHST- 2022/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/18 03:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 30;13:932893. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893. eCollection 
      2022.