PMID- 35850300
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221216
LR  - 20221221
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 194
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - Transdermal drug delivery systems for the effective management of type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus: A review.
PG  - 109996
LID - S0168-8227(22)00810-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109996 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by either insufficient insulin 
      production or the inability to take it up for the glycemic regulation in the 
      human body. According to WHO reports, T2DM will be the seventh-largest syndrome 
      resulting in mortality by 2030. To tackle this chronic metabolic disorder, the 
      person with diabetes population depends on subcutaneous administration (Sub-Q) of 
      insulin and certain oral hypoglycemic drugs. However, these current invasive 
      practices suffered from painful injections, needle phobia, multiple doses, risk 
      of infection and poor-patient compliance. Hence, the search for a non-invasive 
      and patient-friendly insulin administration system was high in the past decades 
      leading to the development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS). These can 
      offer rapid and sustained release of therapeutic compounds at controlled rates 
      with no pain during the administration. In recent years, the usage of such TDDS 
      has been increasing at an exponential rate in Type 2 diabetes management. In the 
      present review, the scholarly works on the different modes of TDDS were 
      comprehensively reported chronlogically to appreciate their developments. 
      Conclusively, this review critically identified prevailing research gaps in the 
      current TDDS research and presented potential research hotspots for the prospect 
      development in T2DM management.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Thirunavukkarasu, Arunachalam
AU  - Thirunavukkarasu A
AD  - Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, 
      Coimbatore 641013, India. Electronic address: thiru@gct.ac.in.
FAU - Nithya, Rajarathinam
AU  - Nithya R
AD  - Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, 
      Coimbatore 641013, India. Electronic address: rnithya@gct.ac.in.
FAU - Jeyanthi, Jeyadharmarajan
AU  - Jeyanthi J
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 
      641013, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220716
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Administration, Cutaneous
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Insulin
OT  - Research gaps
OT  - Transdermal drug delivery
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/19 07:25
PHST- 2022/06/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/19 07:25 [entrez]
AID - S0168-8227(22)00810-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109996 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Dec;194:109996. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109996. 
      Epub 2022 Jul 16.