PMID- 35854319
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220721
LR  - 20220802
IS  - 1743-8977 (Electronic)
IS  - 1743-8977 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jul 19
TI  - Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids 
      affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier 
      models.
PG  - 49
LID - 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w [doi]
LID - 49
AB  - BACKGROUND: The widespread use of nano-biomaterials (NBMs) has increased the 
      chance of human exposure. Although ingestion is one of the major routes of 
      exposure to NBMs, it is not thoroughly studied to date. NBMs are expected to be 
      dramatically modified following the transit into the oral-gastric-intestinal 
      (OGI) tract. How these transformations affect their interaction with intestinal 
      cells is still poorly understood. NBMs of different chemical 
      nature-lipid-surfactant nanoparticles (LSNPs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), 
      surface modified Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (FNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 
      (HNPs)-were treated in a simulated human digestive system (SHDS) and then 
      characterised. The biological effects of SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs were 
      evaluated on primary (HCoEpiC) and immortalised (Caco-2, HCT116) epithelial 
      intestinal cells and on an intestinal barrier model. RESULTS: The application of 
      the in vitro SDHS modified the biocompatibility of NBMs on gastrointestinal 
      cells. The differences between SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs could be 
      attributed to the irreversible modification of the NBMs in the SHDS. Aggregation 
      was detected for all NBMs regardless of their chemical nature, while pH- or 
      enzyme-mediated partial degradation was detected for hydroxyapatite or 
      polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, respectively. 
      The formation of a bio-corona, which contains proteases, was also demonstrated on 
      all the analysed NBMs. In viability assays, undifferentiated primary cells were 
      more sensitive than immortalised cells to digested NBMs, but neither pristine nor 
      treated NBMs affected the intestinal barrier viability and permeability. 
      SHDS-treated NBMs up-regulated the tight junction genes (claudin 3 and 5, 
      occludin, zonula occludens 1) in intestinal barrier, with different patterns 
      between each NBM, and increase the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory 
      cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-22, IL-10). Notably, none of these NBMs showed any 
      significant genotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results add a piece of 
      evidence on the importance of applying validated in vitro SHDS models for the 
      assessment of NBM intestinal toxicity/biocompatibility. We propose the 
      association of chemical and microscopic characterization, SHDS and in vitro tests 
      on both immortalised and primary cells as a robust screening pipeline useful to 
      monitor the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ingested NBMs and their 
      effects on intestinal cells.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Antonello, Giulia
AU  - Antonello G
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, 
      Italy.
AD  - Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 
      94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
AD  - Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, 
      Italy.
FAU - Marucco, Arianna
AU  - Marucco A
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via 
      Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Gazzano, Elena
AU  - Gazzano E
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via 
      Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Kainourgios, Panagiotis
AU  - Kainourgios P
AD  - Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School 
      of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon 
      Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Ravagli, Costanza
AU  - Ravagli C
AD  - Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, 
      Vinci, FI, Italy.
FAU - Gonzalez-Paredes, Ana
AU  - Gonzalez-Paredes A
AD  - Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Sprio, Simone
AU  - Sprio S
AD  - National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics 
      ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy.
FAU - Padin-Gonzalez, Esperanza
AU  - Padin-Gonzalez E
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St 
      Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
FAU - Soliman, Mahmoud G
AU  - Soliman MG
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St 
      Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
FAU - Beal, David
AU  - Beal D
AD  - CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Universite Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, 
      France.
FAU - Barbero, Francesco
AU  - Barbero F
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, 
      Italy.
FAU - Gasco, Paolo
AU  - Gasco P
AD  - Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Baldi, Giovanni
AU  - Baldi G
AD  - Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, 
      Vinci, FI, Italy.
FAU - Carriere, Marie
AU  - Carriere M
AD  - CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Universite Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, 
      France.
FAU - Monopoli, Marco P
AU  - Monopoli MP
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St 
      Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
FAU - Charitidis, Costas A
AU  - Charitidis CA
AD  - Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School 
      of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon 
      Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Bergamaschi, Enrico
AU  - Bergamaschi E
AD  - Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 
      94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Fenoglio, Ivana
AU  - Fenoglio I
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, 
      Italy. ivana.fenoglio@unito.it.
FAU - Riganti, Chiara
AU  - Riganti C
AD  - Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, 
      Italy. chiara.riganti@unito.it.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220719
PL  - England
TA  - Part Fibre Toxicol
JT  - Particle and fibre toxicology
JID - 101236354
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Hydroxyapatites)
RN  - 0 (Lipid Nanoparticles)
RN  - 0 (Liposomes)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology
MH  - Caco-2 Cells
MH  - Digestion
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydroxyapatites/pharmacology
MH  - *Intestinal Mucosa
MH  - Liposomes
MH  - Nanoparticles
MH  - Permeability
MH  - Tight Junctions
PMC - PMC9297619
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biotransformation
OT  - Caco-2
OT  - Gastro-intestinal barrier
OT  - HCT116
OT  - HCoEpiC
OT  - In vitro simulated digestion
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Nano-biomaterials
OT  - Permeability
OT  - Toxicity
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/22 06:00
PMCR- 2022/07/19
CRDT- 2022/07/19 23:47
PHST- 2022/02/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/19 23:47 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w [pii]
AID - 491 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Part Fibre Toxicol. 2022 Jul 19;19(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w.