PMID- 35866377 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220725 LR - 20231011 IS - 1469-493X (Electronic) IS - 1361-6137 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 7 DP - 2022 Jul 12 TI - Cognitive behavioural therapy (group) for schizophrenia. PG - CD009608 LID - 10.1002/14651858.CD009608.pub2 [doi] LID - CD009608 AB - BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a disabling psychotic disorder characterised by positive symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech and behaviour; and negative symptoms such as affective flattening and lack of motivation. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychological intervention that aims to change the way in which a person interprets and evaluates their experiences, helping them to identify and link feelings and patterns of thinking that underpin distress. CBT models targeting symptoms of psychosis (CBTp) have been developed for many mental health conditions including schizophrenia. CBTp has been suggested as a useful add-on therapy to medication for people with schizophrenia. While CBT for people with schizophrenia was mainly developed as an individual treatment, it is expensive and a group approach may be more cost-effective. Group CBTp can be defined as a group intervention targeting psychotic symptoms, based on the cognitive behavioural model. In group CBTp, people work collaboratively on coping with distressing hallucinations, analysing evidence for their delusions, and developing problem-solving and social skills. However, the evidence for effectiveness is far from conclusive. OBJECTIVES: To investigate efficacy and acceptability of group CBT applied to psychosis compared with standard care or other psychosocial interventions, for people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. SEARCH METHODS: On 10 February 2021, we searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study-Based Register of Trials, which is based on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases and two trials registries. We handsearched the reference lists of relevant papers and previous systematic reviews and contacted experts in the field for supplemental data. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials allocating adults with schizophrenia to receive either group CBT for schizophrenia, compared with standard care, or any other psychosocial intervention (group or individual). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We complied with Cochrane recommended standard of conduct for data screening and collection. Where possible, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for binary data and mean difference (MD) and 95% CI for continuous data. We used a random-effects model for analyses. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created a summary of findings table using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS: The review includes 24 studies (1900 participants). All studies compared group CBTp with treatments that a person with schizophrenia would normally receive in a standard mental health service (standard care) or any other psychosocial intervention (group or individual). None of the studies compared group CBTp with individual CBTp. Overall risk of bias within the trials was moderate to low. We found no studies reporting data for our primary outcome of clinically important change. With regard to numbers of participants leaving the study early, group CBTp has little or no effect compared to standard care or other psychosocial interventions (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.59; studies = 13, participants = 1267; I(2) = 9%; low-certainty evidence). Group CBTp may have some advantage over standard care or other psychosocial interventions for overall mental state at the end of treatment for endpoint scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total (MD -3.73, 95% CI -4.63 to -2.83; studies = 12, participants = 1036; I(2) = 5%; low-certainty evidence). Group CBTp seems to have little or no effect on PANSS positive symptoms (MD -0.45, 95% CI -1.30 to 0.40; studies =8, participants = 539; I(2) = 0%) and on PANSS negative symptoms scores at the end of treatment (MD -0.73, 95% CI -1.68 to 0.21; studies = 9, participants = 768; I(2) = 65%). Group CBTp seems to have an advantage over standard care or other psychosocial interventions on global functioning measured by Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF; MD -3.61, 95% CI -6.37 to -0.84; studies = 5, participants = 254; I(2) = 0%; moderate-certainty evidence), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP; MD 3.30, 95% CI 2.00 to 4.60; studies = 1, participants = 100), and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS; MD -1.27, 95% CI -2.46 to -0.08; studies = 1, participants = 116). Service use data were equivocal with no real differences between treatment groups for number of participants hospitalised (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.60; studies = 3, participants = 235; I(2) = 34%). There was no clear difference between group CBTp and standard care or other psychosocial interventions endpoint scores on depression and quality of life outcomes, except for quality of life measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) Psychological domain subscale (MD -4.64, 95% CI -9.04 to -0.24; studies = 2, participants = 132; I(2) = 77%). The studies did not report relapse or adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Group CBTp appears to be no better or worse than standard care or other psychosocial interventions for people with schizophrenia in terms of leaving the study early, service use and general quality of life. Group CBTp seems to be more effective than standard care or other psychosocial interventions on overall mental state and global functioning scores. These results may not be widely applicable as each study had a low sample size. Therefore, no firm conclusions concerning the efficacy of group CBTp for people with schizophrenia can currently be made. More high-quality research, reporting useable and relevant data is needed. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FAU - Guaiana, Giuseppe AU - Guaiana G AD - Department of Psychiatry and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada. FAU - Abbatecola, Massimiliano AU - Abbatecola M AD - CEPICC Napoli, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Aali, Ghazaleh AU - Aali G AD - Institute for Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK. FAU - Tarantino, Federica AU - Tarantino F AD - CEPICC Napoli, Napoli, Italy. FAU - Ebuenyi, Ikenna D AU - Ebuenyi ID AD - IRIS Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. AD - Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. FAU - Lucarini, Valeria AU - Lucarini V AD - Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France. FAU - Li, Wei AU - Li W AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. FAU - Zhang, Caidi AU - Zhang C AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. FAU - Pinto, Antonio AU - Pinto A AD - DMH ASI Napoli 3 sud, SITCC/EABCT, Naples, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20220712 PL - England TA - Cochrane Database Syst Rev JT - The Cochrane database of systematic reviews JID - 100909747 SB - IM UOF - doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009608 MH - Adult MH - *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods MH - Hallucinations/etiology/therapy MH - Humans MH - *Psychotic Disorders/therapy MH - Quality of Life MH - *Schizophrenia/drug therapy PMC - PMC9308944 COIS- GG - is an Editor at Cochrane Common Mental Disorder Group and he was not involved in any editorial process of this review. MA - none. GA - was Assistant Managing Editor at Cochrane Schizophrenia Group until April 2021 and is currently Managing Editor of Cochrane Gut group. She was excluded from any editorial process of this review. FT - none. IE - none. VL - none. WL - none. CZ - none. AP - is a practitioner and content expert of CBTp. No other conflict of interest declared. EDAT- 2022/07/23 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:00 PMCR- 2023/07/12 CRDT- 2022/07/22 04:42 PHST- 2022/07/22 04:42 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2023/07/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - CD009608.pub2 [pii] AID - 10.1002/14651858.CD009608.pub2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jul 12;7(7):CD009608. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009608.pub2.