PMID- 35870210 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220914 LR - 20220915 IS - 1873-3336 (Electronic) IS - 0304-3894 (Linking) VI - 439 DP - 2022 Oct 5 TI - Variation in the formation characteristics of PBDD/F, brominated PAH, and PBDE congeners along the secondary copper smelting processes. PG - 129602 LID - S0304-3894(22)01395-4 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129602 [doi] AB - Simultaneous determination of 58 congeners of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Br-PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from multiple stages of industrial-scale secondary copper smelting plants was conducted with the aim of understanding their variations and control. In addition to the historical manufacture of PBDEs as brominated flame retardants, this study confirmed that PBDEs can be unintentionally produced and released from the secondary copper industry. The average mass emission factors of PBDD/Fs, PBDEs, and Br-PAHs from different sources were 10.0, 5.21 x 10(3), and 7.24 x 10(3) mug t(-1), respectively. Therefore, the emission of brominated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the secondary copper industry should be of concern. The concentration of brominated POPs increased from the gas cooling stage to stack outlet due to the possible "memory effect" and the regenerated POPs were mainly low-brominated homologs. A comparison of brominated POPs with corresponding chlorinated analogs in the same process indicated that the formation pathway of Br-PAHs was consistent with that of chlorinated PAHs. However, unlike chlorinated dioxins and furans, PBDD/Fs can also be formed from PBDEs as precursors, leading to obvious increases in highly brominated furans. Therefore, inhibiting the unintentional formation of PBDEs is important for controlling brominated POPs emissions. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Lin, Bingcheng AU - Lin B AD - School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. FAU - Liu, Guorui AU - Liu G AD - School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: grliu@rcees.ac.cn. FAU - Wu, Guanglong AU - Wu G AD - International Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100035 Beijing, China. FAU - Chen, Changzhi AU - Chen C AD - School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. FAU - Liang, Yong AU - Liang Y AD - Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. FAU - Wang, Pu AU - Wang P AD - Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. FAU - Guo, Jianping AU - Guo J AD - State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing 100041, China. FAU - Yang, Lili AU - Yang L AD - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Jin, Rong AU - Jin R AD - School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. FAU - Sun, Yuxiang AU - Sun Y AD - School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. FAU - Zheng, Minghui AU - Zheng M AD - College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. Electronic address: zhengmh@rcees.ac.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220716 PL - Netherlands TA - J Hazard Mater JT - Journal of hazardous materials JID - 9422688 RN - 0 (Dioxins) RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Furans) RN - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers) RN - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) RN - 789U1901C5 (Copper) RN - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether) SB - IM MH - Copper MH - *Dioxins MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis MH - Furans MH - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis MH - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brominated dioxins and furans OT - Brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons OT - Congener variation OT - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers OT - Secondary copper smelting COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/07/24 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/15 06:00 CRDT- 2022/07/23 18:12 PHST- 2022/05/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/07/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/23 18:12 [entrez] AID - S0304-3894(22)01395-4 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129602 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Hazard Mater. 2022 Oct 5;439:129602. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129602. Epub 2022 Jul 16.