PMID- 35871475 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220926 LR - 20220927 IS - 1179-1993 (Electronic) IS - 1178-2595 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 5 DP - 2022 Oct TI - Utilizing Deep Learning for Detecting Adverse Drug Events in Structured and Unstructured Regulatory Drug Data Sets. PG - 307-317 LID - 10.1007/s40290-022-00434-y [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collects and retains several data sets on post-market drugs and associated adverse events (AEs). The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains millions of AE reports submitted by the public when a medication is suspected to have caused an AE. The FDA monitors these reports to identify drug safety issues that were undetected during the premarket evaluation of these products. These reports contain patient narratives that provide information regarding the AE that needs to be coded using standardized terminology to enable aggregation of reports for further review. Additionally, the FDA collects structured drug product labels (SPLs) that facilitate standardized distribution of information regarding marketed medical products. Manufacturers are currently not required to code labels with associated AEs. OBJECTIVES: Approaches for automated classification of reports by preferred terminology could enhance regulatory efficiency. The goal of this work was to assess the suitability of manually annotated FDA FAERS and SPL data sets to be subjected to predictive modeling. METHODS: A recurrent neural network (RNN) was proposed as a proof-of-concept model for automated extraction of preferred AE terminology. A separate RNN was fit and cross-validated on two regulatory data sets with varying properties. First, the researchers trained and cross-validated a model on 325 annotated FAERS patient narratives for a sample of AE terms. A model was then trained and validated on a data set of 100 SPLs. RESULTS: Model cross-validation results for product labels demonstrated that the model performed at least as well as more conventional models for all but one of the terms selected based on F1-score. Model results for the FAERS data set were mixed. CONCLUSIONS: This work successfully demonstrated a proof-of-concept machine learning approach to automatically detect AEs in several textual regulatory data sets to support post-market regulatory activities. Limited instances of each AE class likely prohibited models from generalizing data effectively. Additional data may permit more robust validation. CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FAU - Knisely, Benjamin M AU - Knisely BM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8450-3198 AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. bknisely@terpmail.umd.edu. FAU - Hatim, Qais AU - Hatim Q AD - The US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA. FAU - Vaughn-Cooke, Monifa AU - Vaughn-Cooke M AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. LA - eng GR - U01 FD005946/FD/FDA HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20220724 PL - New Zealand TA - Pharmaceut Med JT - Pharmaceutical medicine JID - 101471195 RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) SB - IM MH - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MH - *Deep Learning MH - *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Humans MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations MH - United States MH - United States Food and Drug Administration EDAT- 2022/07/25 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/28 06:00 CRDT- 2022/07/24 14:17 PHST- 2022/06/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/24 14:17 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s40290-022-00434-y [pii] AID - 10.1007/s40290-022-00434-y [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Pharmaceut Med. 2022 Oct;36(5):307-317. doi: 10.1007/s40290-022-00434-y. Epub 2022 Jul 24.