PMID- 35872647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220726
LR  - 20220810
IS  - 2146-3131 (Electronic)
IS  - 2146-3123 (Print)
IS  - 2146-3123 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Jul 22
TI  - Cost-of-disease of Heart Failure in Turkey: A Delphi Panel-based Analysis of 
      Direct and Indirect Costs.
PG  - 282-289
LID - 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-3-97 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is considered a significant public health issue 
      with a substantial and growing epidemiologic and economic burden in relation to 
      longer life expectancy and aging global population. AIMS: To determine 
      cost-of-disease of heart failure (HF) in Turkey from the payer perspective. STUDY 
      DESIGN: Cross-sectional cost of disease study. METHODS: In this cost-of-disease 
      study, annual direct and indirect costs of management of HF were determined based 
      on epidemiological, clinical and lost productivity inputs provided by a Delphi 
      panel consisted of 11 experts in HF with respect to ejection fraction (EF) status 
      (HF patients with reduced EF (HFrEF), mid-range EF (HFmrEF) and preserved EF 
      (HFpEF)) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Direct medical 
      costs included cost items on outpatient management, inpatient management, 
      medications, and non-pharmaceutical treatments. Indirect cost was calculated 
      based on the lost productivity due to absenteeism and presenteeism. RESULTS: 
      51.4%, 19.5%, and 29.1% of the patients were estimated to be HFrEF, HFmrEF, and 
      HFpEF patients, respectively. The total annual direct medical cost per patient 
      was $887 and non-pharmaceutical treatments ($373, 42.1%) were the major direct 
      cost driver. Since an estimated nationwide number of HF patients is 1,128,000 in 
      2021, the total annual national economic burden of HF is estimated to be $1 
      billion in 2021. The direct medical cost was higher in patients with HFrEF than 
      in those with HFmrEF or HFpEF ($1,147 vs. $555 and $649, respectively). Average 
      indirect cost per patient was calculated to be $3,386 and was similar across 
      HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF groups, but increased with advanced NYHA stage. 
      CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the substantial economic burden of HF in terms 
      of both direct and indirect costs and indicate that the non-pharmaceutical cost 
      is the major direct medical cost driver in HF management, regardless of the EF 
      status of HF patients.
FAU - Cavusoglu, Yuksel
AU  - Cavusoglu Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4027-9873
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 
      Eskisehir, Turkey
FAU - Altay, Hakan
AU  - Altay H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8506-7583
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Baskent University, Istanbul, 
      Turkey
FAU - Aras, Dursun
AU  - Aras D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6020-8098
AD  - Clinic of Cardiology University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara City Hospital, 
      Ankara, Turkey
FAU - Celik, Ahmet
AU  - Celik A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9417-7610
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
FAU - Ertas, Fatih Sinan
AU  - Ertas FS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2906-0624
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
FAU - Kilicaslan, Baris
AU  - Kilicaslan B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1503-7554
AD  - Clinic of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Izmir Tepecik Training 
      and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
FAU - Nalbantgil, Sanem
AU  - Nalbantgil S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9798-9796
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
FAU - Temizhan, Ahmet
AU  - Temizhan A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2605-159X
AD  - Clinic of Cardiology University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara City Hospital, 
      Ankara, Turkey
FAU - Ural, Dilek
AU  - Ural D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0224-1433
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
FAU - Yildirimturk, Ozlem
AU  - Yildirimturk O
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9841-4524
AD  - Clinic of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey Siyami Ersek Training 
      and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
FAU - Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan
AU  - Yilmaz MB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8169-8628
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 
      Turkey
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Turkey
TA  - Balkan Med J
JT  - Balkan medical journal
JID - 101571817
SB  - IM
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Heart Failure/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Stroke Volume
MH  - Turkey
PMC - PMC9326952
COIS- Data Sharing Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are 
      available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Conflict of 
      Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Funding: The 
      creation of the model used in this study, statistics and editorial support were 
      sponsored by AstraZeneca Turkey in the context of unconditional scientific 
      support. AstraZeneca Turkey has not contributed to the content of the study.
EDAT- 2022/07/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/07/22
CRDT- 2022/07/25 03:19
PHST- 2022/07/25 03:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 52470 [pii]
AID - 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-3-97 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Balkan Med J. 2022 Jul 22;39(4):282-289. doi: 
      10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-3-97.