PMID- 35874578
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220726
IS  - 2296-2360 (Print)
IS  - 2296-2360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-2360 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2022
TI  - Differences in Cardiopulmonary Fitness Between Boy and Girls With Repaired 
      Tetralogy of Fallot.
PG  - 911825
LID - 10.3389/fped.2022.911825 [doi]
LID - 911825
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Many studies have demonstrated that patients with repaired tetralogy 
      of Fallot (rTOF) have generally poorer cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF). However, 
      little is known about how the disease results in different CPF in each sex. 
      Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether sex (and gender) differences 
      affect CPF in children and adolescents with rTOF. METHODS: This retrospective 
      study recruited adolescents and children (aged 10-18) with rTOF following an 
      acute stage of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who received cardiopulmonary exercise 
      testing (CPET) in the past 10 years. CPF was determined by symptom-limited CPET 
      with a treadmill under ramped Bruce protocol. Boys and girls were categorized 
      into groups based on body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI). The BMI was 
      grouped by Taiwanese obesity cutoff points. The FMI was categorized by the body 
      fat percentage. Excess adiposity was defined as (1) "overweight" and "obese" by 
      BMI and (2) greater than the sex- and age-specific 75th percentile of whole 
      subjects by FMI. RESULTS: A total of 185 participants (104 boys and 81 girls) 
      with rTOF were recruited for the final analysis. Within the BMI category, 76 boys 
      and 63 girls were in the normal group, whereas 28 boys and 18 girls were in the 
      excessive adiposity group. Within the FMI category, 77 boys and 60 girls were in 
      the normal group, whereas 27 boys and 21 girls were in the excessive adiposity 
      group. The analysis of the body composition of rTOF subjects showed that there 
      was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups of the two 
      sexes, but both showed a smaller body size than normal Taiwanese children. When 
      comparing the CPF within different BMI and FMI groups, the children in the 
      excessive adiposity group had significantly lower values in metabolic equivalents 
      (MET) at anaerobic threshold, peak MET, and measured peak oxygen consumption 
      (VO(2)) to predicted peak VO(2), regardless of sex. Moreover, boys (60.90%) 
      presented poorer CPF than girls (74.22%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In Taiwan, 
      patients with rTOF had poorer CPF than healthy peers. This study found that girls 
      with rTOF had better CPF than boys with rTOF. The effect of gender stereotypes on 
      sports participation and self-efficacy might be one of the contributing factors; 
      however, further investigations are warranted to determine the causal effect.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Chang, Kuan, Chen, Tsai, Chen, Lin and Tuan.
FAU - Chang, Yung-Liang
AU  - Chang YL
AD  - Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Kuan, Tzu-Hsuan
AU  - Kuan TH
AD  - Department of General Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Chia-Hsin
AU  - Chen CH
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University 
      Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Tsai, Yi-Ju
AU  - Tsai YJ
AD  - Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Guan-Bo
AU  - Chen GB
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 
      Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Ko-Long
AU  - Lin KL
AD  - School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veteran General 
      Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung 
      University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
FAU - Tuan, Sheng-Hui
AU  - Tuan SH
AD  - Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and 
      Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220706
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Pediatr
JT  - Frontiers in pediatrics
JID - 101615492
PMC - PMC9298839
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiopulmonary fitness
OT  - congenital heart disease
OT  - gender differences
OT  - self-efficacy
OT  - tetralogy of fallot
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/07/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/07/06
CRDT- 2022/07/25 03:55
PHST- 2022/04/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/25 03:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fped.2022.911825 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 6;10:911825. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.911825. eCollection 
      2022.