PMID- 35877854
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220728
IS  - 2077-0375 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jun 25
TI  - Development of a Soft Robotic Bending Actuator Based on a Novel Sulfonated 
      Polyvinyl Chloride-Phosphotungstic Acid Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) 
      Membrane.
LID - 10.3390/membranes12070651 [doi]
LID - 651
AB  - This work presents the development of a cost-effective 
      electric-stimulus-responsive bending actuator based on a sulfonated polyvinyl 
      chloride (SPVC)-phosphotungstic acid (PTA) ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC), 
      using a simple solution-casting method followed by chemical reduction of platinum 
      (Pt) ions as an electrode. The characterizations of the prepared IPMC were 
      performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron 
      microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, Thermogravimetric analysis 
      (TGA), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Excellent ion-exchange 
      capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity (PC), with values of ca. 1.98 meq.g(-1) 
      and ca. 1.6 mS.cm(-1), respectively, were observed. The water uptake (WU) and 
      water loss (WL) capacities of the IPMC membranes were measured at 25  degrees C, and 
      found to have maxima of ca. 48% for 10 h, and ca. 36% at 6 V DC for almost 9 min, 
      respectively. To analyze the actuation performance of the developed membrane, tip 
      displacement and actuation force measurements were conducted. Tip displacement 
      was found to be ca. 15.1 mm, whereas bending actuation was found to be 0.242 mN 
      at 4 V DC. The moderate water loss, good proton conductivity (PC), high thermal 
      stability, and good electrochemical properties of the developed IPMC membrane 
      actuator position it as a cost-effective alternative to highly expensive 
      conventional perfluorinated polymer-based actuators.
FAU - Luqman, Mohammad
AU  - Luqman M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2252-9821
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, 
      P.O. Box 83, Yanbu 41911, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Anis, Arfat
AU  - Anis A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9384-9067
AD  - SABIC Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Shaikh, Hamid M
AU  - Shaikh HM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3478-1349
AD  - SABIC Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Al-Zahrani, Saeed M
AU  - Al-Zahrani SM
AD  - SABIC Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alam, Mohammad Asif
AU  - Alam MA
AD  - Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - 13-ADV1432-02/National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), 
      King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220625
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Membranes (Basel)
JT  - Membranes
JID - 101577807
PMC - PMC9322641
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - artificial muscle
OT  - ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)
OT  - membrane
OT  - phosphotungstic acid
OT  - platinum
OT  - polyvinyl chloride
OT  - robotic actuator
OT  - sulfonated
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/07/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/25
CRDT- 2022/07/25 14:04
PHST- 2022/05/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/25 14:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - membranes12070651 [pii]
AID - membranes-12-00651 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/membranes12070651 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Membranes (Basel). 2022 Jun 25;12(7):651. doi: 10.3390/membranes12070651.