PMID- 35878269
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220728
IS  - 2305-6304 (Electronic)
IS  - 2305-6304 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jun 30
TI  - Indoor Secondary Pollutants Cannot Be Ignored: Third-Hand Smoke.
LID - 10.3390/toxics10070363 [doi]
LID - 363
AB  - Smoking has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the fifth 
      highest threat to humanity. Smoking, a leading disease promoter, is a major risk 
      factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular 
      disease, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. NCDs account for 63% of all 
      deaths worldwide. Passive smoking is also a health risk. Globally, more than a 
      third of all people are regularly exposed to harmful smoke. Air pollution is a 
      common global problem in which pollutants emitted into the atmosphere undergo a 
      series of physical or chemical reactions to produce various oxidation products, 
      which are often referred to as secondary pollutants. Secondary pollutants include 
      ozone (O(3)), sulfur trioxide (SO(3)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and respirable 
      particulate matter (PM). It is worth mentioning that third-hand smoke (THS), 
      formed by the reaction of nicotine with second-hand smoke (SHS) caused by indoor 
      O(3) or nitrous acid (HONO), is a major indoor secondary pollutant that cannot be 
      ignored. As a form of indoor air pollution that is relatively difficult to avoid, 
      THS exists in any corner of the environment where smokers live. In this paper, we 
      summarize the important research progress on the main components, detection, and 
      toxicity of THS and look forward to future research directions. Scientific 
      understanding of THS and its hazards will facilitate smoking bans in indoor and 
      public places and raise public concern for how to prevent and remove THS.
FAU - Wu, Jia-Xun
AU  - Wu JX
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3955-8613
AD  - Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and 
      Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
FAU - Lau, Andy T Y
AU  - Lau ATY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7146-7789
AD  - Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and 
      Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
FAU - Xu, Yan-Ming
AU  - Xu YM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1124-0045
AD  - Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and 
      Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 31771582/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 31271445/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 2017A030313131/Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - "Thousand, Hundred, and Ten" project of the Department of Education of Guangdong 
      Province of China/
GR  - 2017KZDXM035/Basic and Applied Research Major Projects of Guangdong Province of 
      China/
GR  - 2018KZDXM036/Basic and Applied Research Major Projects of Guangdong Province of 
      China/
GR  - Andy T. Y. Lau-2016/"Yang Fan" Project of Guangdong Province of China/
GR  - Yan-Ming Xu-2015/"Yang Fan" Project of Guangdong Province of China/
GR  - 200624165260857/Shantou Medical Health Science and Technology Plan/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220630
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxics
JT  - Toxics
JID - 101639637
PMC - PMC9316611
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NNA
OT  - NNK
OT  - NNN
OT  - PAHs
OT  - TSNAs
OT  - indoor secondary pollutants
OT  - third-hand smoke
COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in relation to this article.
EDAT- 2022/07/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/30
CRDT- 2022/07/25 16:13
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/25 16:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxics10070363 [pii]
AID - toxics-10-00363 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxics10070363 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxics. 2022 Jun 30;10(7):363. doi: 10.3390/toxics10070363.