PMID- 35879032 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220902 IS - 1738-1088 (Print) IS - 2093-4327 (Electronic) IS - 1738-1088 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 3 DP - 2022 Aug 31 TI - Inhaled Loxapine as a Rapid Treatment for Agitation in Patients with Personality Disorder: A Prospective Study on the Effects of Time. PG - 482-490 LID - 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.482 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Agitation in patients diagnosed with personality disorders (PD) is one of the most frequent crises in emergency departments (ED). Although many medications have been tested, their effectiveness has been small or non-significant, and no specific drugs are supported by the available evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Inhaled loxapine (IL) as a therapeutic option for agitated patients with PD. METHODS: A naturalistic, unicentric, prospective study was carried out. Thirty subjects diagnosed with PD and attending the ED with episodes of agitation were recruited most of whom were women diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Subjects were treated with a single dose of IL (9.1 mg). Efficacy was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression scale, the Excited Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) and the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES). Patients were followed 60 minutes after administration to measure IL effect and its duration. RESULTS: IL exhibited an overall efficacy in managing mild to severe agitation, with a quick onset of effect and persistence. 'Effect of time', where IL efficacy is maintained over time, is more marked in higher-severity agitation. No additional treatments were needed to improve agitation during the follow-up time. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that IL could be a safe and effective option to manage agitation in PD. FAU - Ferrer, Marc AU - Ferrer M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1283-8578 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Soto-Angona, Oscar AU - Soto-Angona O AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0234-4280 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Soler-Artigas, Maria AU - Soler-Artigas M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3213-1107 AD - Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Ibanez, Pol AU - Ibanez P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0714-8908 AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Fadeuilhe, Christian AU - Fadeuilhe C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5821-347X AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe AU - Palma-Alvarez RF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6428-9865 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Lidai, Raquefet AU - Lidai R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4476-1226 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Vargas-Caceres, Sebastian AU - Vargas-Caceres S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6113-0392 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Angeles Torrecilla, Maria AU - Angeles Torrecilla M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5811-2695 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Lopez, Anna AU - Lopez A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3932-9674 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. FAU - Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni AU - Ramos-Quiroga JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1622-0350 AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. AD - Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - Korea (South) TA - Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci JT - Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology JID - 101207332 PMC - PMC9329112 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antipsychotic agents OT - Loxapine OT - Personality disorders OT - Psychomotor agitation COIS- Conflicts of Interest Marc Ferrer has received fees from Shire, Takeda, Ferrer, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Eli-Lilly, Rubio, Oryzon, Almirall to act as speaker or consultant. Christian Fadeuilhe has received fees to give talks for Shire, Takeda, Ferrer, Italfarmaco and Otsuka in the last 5 years. Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez has received fees to give talks for Exeltis, Lundbeck, MSD, Mundipharma and Takeda. Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga was on the speakers' bureau and/or acted as consultant for Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, Takeda, Bial, Shionogui, Lundbeck, Almirall, Braingaze, Sincrolab, Medice and Rubio in the last 5 years. The Department of Psychiatry chaired by him received unrestricted educational and research support from the following companies in the last 5 years: Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Janssen- Cilag, Actelion, Shire, Ferrer, Oryzon, Roche, Psious, and Rubio. EDAT- 2022/07/26 06:00 MHDA- 2022/07/26 06:01 PMCR- 2022/08/31 CRDT- 2022/07/25 21:22 PHST- 2021/02/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/05/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/06/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/07/25 21:22 [entrez] PHST- 2022/07/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/07/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/08/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cpn.2022.20.3.482 [pii] AID - cpn-20-3-482 [pii] AID - 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.482 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2022 Aug 31;20(3):482-490. doi: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.482.