PMID- 35900458
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220801
LR  - 20220801
IS  - 1117-1936 (Print)
VI  - 29
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Jul-Sep
TI  - Mobile phone usage among Nigerians: Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and 
      preventive strategies.
PG  - 221-227
LID - 10.4103/npmj.npmj_92_22 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: The increase in the usage of hand-held devices (HHDs) and smartphones 
      (SPs), especially in Nigeria has resulted in an upsurge of musculoskeletal 
      complaints. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors 
      for musculoskeletal injuries due to mobile phone usage among Nigerians and the 
      preventive strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 630 male and 
      female participants above 18 years old who were purposively recruited across 
      designated study centres in public places. The instrument used was a 
      questionnaire specifically designed to suit the Nigerian culture and environment 
      and developed from previously validated questionnaires. Data were exported to 
      Statistical Computing Programming R version 4.0.5 for analysis and Chi-square was 
      used to compare the characteristics of those who experienced injury using 
      SPs/HHDS and those who did not. Independent variables with a 95% confidence level 
      and P < 0.05 in the multivariate model were considered statistically significant. 
      RESULTS: The most common daily use of SPs/HHDS by the participants was phone 
      calls (98.4%) followed closely by social networking (96.0%) while the occupation 
      and educational level of the participants had statistically significant (P < 
      0.05) impact on musculoskeletal injuries. The type of mobile device and the time 
      spent using these devices were also significant (P < 0.05) risk factors for 
      injuries. Some self-treatment strategies adopted by the participants were all 
      significantly (P < 0.05) associated with reduction of musculoskeletal discomfort. 
      CONCLUSION: The occupation, educational level, the types of mobile devices and 
      time spent using the devices were risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries.
FAU - Akinbo, Sunday Rufus
AU  - Akinbo SR
AD  - Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, 
      University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
FAU - Aiyegbusi, Ayoola Ibifubara
AU  - Aiyegbusi AI
AD  - Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, 
      University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
FAU - Okafor, Udoka Arinze
AU  - Okafor UA
AD  - Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, 
      University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
FAU - Balogun, Oluwaseyi Jessy
AU  - Balogun OJ
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College 
      of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Nigeria
TA  - Niger Postgrad Med J
JT  - The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal
JID - 9613595
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Cell Phone
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Nigeria/epidemiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hand-held devices
OT  - mobile phones
OT  - musculoskeletal injuries
OT  - risk factors
OT  - smartphones
COIS- None
EDAT- 2022/07/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/02 06:00
CRDT- 2022/07/28 11:24
PHST- 2022/07/28 11:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - NigerPostgradMedJ_2022_29_3_221_351729 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/npmj.npmj_92_22 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Niger Postgrad Med J. 2022 Jul-Sep;29(3):221-227. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_92_22.