PMID- 35903054
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220801
IS  - 1738-3684 (Print)
IS  - 1976-3026 (Electronic)
IS  - 1738-3684 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Predictors of Developmental Outcome in 4- to 6-Year-Olds With Developmental 
      Disability.
PG  - 519-526
LID - 10.30773/pi.2021.0385 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Studies on the early trajectories of developmental disability (DD) are 
      limited. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic stability and developmental 
      trajectories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), 
      and to determine baseline clinical characteristics that affect future diagnosis. 
      METHODS: We analyzed 192 children who were referred for possible DD through 
      retrospective chart review. Clinical diagnosis was assessed once at baseline, 
      aged 2-4, and at follow-up, aged 4-6. The participants' developmental profiles 
      were measured by Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R), Vineland Social 
      Maturity Scale (VSMS), Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor 
      Integration (VMI), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). RESULTS: On 
      comparing the diagnostic change, 5% of children were no longer diagnosed as ASD, 
      and 13% of children were no longer diagnosed as ID at follow-up. Trajectories of 
      developmental profiles were compared between children with and without ID at 
      follow-up, and significant time-by-group interaction were observed in PEP-R 
      (p<0.001), VSMS (p<0.001), and VMI (p=0.003) scores, indicating that children 
      without ID at follow-up showed significant improvement over time compared to 
      children with ID. ASD diagnosis (p<0.001) and CARS score (p=0.007) at baseline 
      were significantly associated with ASD at follow-up, while VSMS score (p=0.004) 
      and VMI score (p=0.019) at baseline were significantly associated with ID at 
      follow-up. CONCLUSION: A subset of children lost their diagnosis at follow-up, 
      and such diagnostic change was significantly more common in ID compared to ASD. 
      Baseline autism symptomatology was related to ASD at follow-up, and baseline 
      adaptive and visuo-motor function was related to ID at follow-up.
FAU - Lee, Taeyeop
AU  - Lee T
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of 
      Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Park, Kee Jeong
AU  - Park KJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of 
      Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Shon, Seung-Hyun
AU  - Shon SH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of 
      Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Seonok
AU  - Kim S
AD  - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, 
      University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Hyo-Won
AU  - Kim HW
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of 
      Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2020R1A5A8017671/National Research Foundation of Korea/
GR  - Ministry of Science and ICT/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220721
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Psychiatry Investig
JT  - Psychiatry investigation
JID - 101242994
PMC - PMC9334806
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autism spectrum disorder
OT  - Developmental disability
OT  - Diagnostic stability
OT  - Intellectual disability
OT  - Trajectory
COIS- Conflicts of Interest The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to 
      disclose.
EDAT- 2022/07/30 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/30 06:01
PMCR- 2022/07/01
CRDT- 2022/07/29 01:53
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/07/29 01:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pi.2021.0385 [pii]
AID - pi-2021-0385 [pii]
AID - 10.30773/pi.2021.0385 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychiatry Investig. 2022 Jul;19(7):519-526. doi: 10.30773/pi.2021.0385. Epub 
      2022 Jul 21.