PMID- 35909507
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220802
LR  - 20220802
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Nomogram Prediction for the Risk of Diabetic Foot in Patients With Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 890057
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2022.890057 [doi]
LID - 890057
AB  - AIMS: To develop and validate a nomogram prediction model for the risk of 
      diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate its 
      clinical application value. METHODS: We retrospectively collected clinical data 
      from 1,950 patients with T2DM from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an 
      Jiaotong University between January 2012 and June 2021. The patients were divided 
      into training cohort and validation cohort according to the random number table 
      method at a ratio of 7:3. The independent risk factors for diabetic foot among 
      patients with T2DM were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. 
      Then, a nomogram prediction model was developed using the independent risk 
      factors. The model performances were evaluated by the area under the receiver 
      operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and 
      the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression 
      analysis indicated that age, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein 
      (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), smoke, and drink were independent risk factors for 
      diabetic foot among patients with T2DM (P < 0.05). The AUCs of training cohort 
      and validation cohort were 0.806 (95% CI: 0.775 approximately 0.837) and 0.857 (95% CI: 
      0.814 approximately 0.899), respectively, suggesting good discrimination of the model. 
      Calibration curves of training cohort and validation cohort showed a favorable 
      consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability. In 
      addition, the P values of Hosmer-Lemeshow test for training cohort and validation 
      cohort were 0.826 and 0.480, respectively, suggesting a high calibration of the 
      model. When the threshold probability was set as 11.6% in the DCA curve, the 
      clinical net benefits of training cohort and validation cohort were 58% and 65%, 
      respectively, indicating good clinical usefulness of the model. CONCLUSION: We 
      developed and validated a user-friendly nomogram prediction model for the risk of 
      diabetic foot in patients with T2DM. Nomograms may help clinicians early screen 
      and identify patients at high risk of diabetic foot.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Wang, Xue, Li and Guo.
FAU - Wang, Jie
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Xue, Tong
AU  - Xue T
AD  - Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Li, Haopeng
AU  - Li H
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Guo, Shuai
AU  - Guo S
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220713
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
SB  - IM
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
MH  - *Diabetic Foot/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nomograms
MH  - ROC Curve
MH  - Retrospective Studies
PMC - PMC9325991
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetic foot
OT  - individual risk prediction model
OT  - nomogram
OT  - orthopedics
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/03 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/08/01 03:16
PHST- 2022/03/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/01 03:16 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2022.890057 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 13;13:890057. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2022.890057. eCollection 2022.