PMID- 35919497
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220805
IS  - 2732-4303 (Electronic)
IS  - 2732-4303 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022
TI  - Balancing the good and the bad: controlling immune-related adverse events versus 
      anti-tumor responses in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint 
      inhibitors.
PG  - ltac008
LID - 10.1093/immadv/ltac008 [doi]
LID - ltac008
AB  - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have provided new hope for cancer patients, 
      and in particular for patients with tumors that are immunologically active and 
      classified as hot tumors. These tumors express antigenic and tumor 
      microenvironment (TME) characteristics that make them potential candidates for 
      therapy with checkpoint inhibitors that aim to reactivate the immune response 
      such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4. Examples of potentially responsive cancers 
      are, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and several other metastatic or 
      unresectable tumors with genetic instability: DNA mismatch repair deficiency 
      (dMMR), microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), or with a high tumor mutational 
      burden (TMB). Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is typically associated 
      with adverse events (AEs) that are milder than those with chemotherapy. However, 
      a significant percentage of patients develop short-term immune-related AEs 
      (irAEs) which range from mild (~70%) to severe cases (~13%) that can lead to 
      modifications of the checkpoint inhibitor therapy and in some cases, death. While 
      some studies have investigated immune mechanisms behind the development of irAEs, 
      much more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and to develop 
      interventions that could attenuate severe irAEs, while maintaining the anti-tumor 
      response intact. Moreover, studies to identify biomarkers that can predict the 
      likelihood of a patient developing severe irAEs would be of great clinical 
      importance. Here we discuss some of the clinical ramifications of irAEs, 
      potential immune mechanisms behind their development and studies that have 
      investigated potentially useful biomarkers of irAEs development.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      British Society for Immunology.
FAU - de Britto Evangelista, Guilherme Ferreira
AU  - de Britto Evangelista GF
AD  - Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao 
      Paulo, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Figueiredo, Amanda Braga
AU  - Figueiredo AB
AD  - Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao 
      Paulo, SP, Brazil.
FAU - de Barros E Silva, Milton Jose
AU  - de Barros E Silva MJ
AD  - Clinical Oncology Department, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Gollob, Kenneth J
AU  - Gollob KJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4184-3867
AD  - Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao 
      Paulo, SP, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220408
PL  - England
TA  - Immunother Adv
JT  - Immunotherapy advances
JID - 101776979
PMC - PMC9327097
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T-cells
OT  - adverse events
OT  - autoimmunity
OT  - cancer immunotherapy
OT  - checkpoint inhibitors
OT  - immune mechanisms
OT  - toxicity
EDAT- 2022/08/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/04 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/08
CRDT- 2022/08/03 02:09
PHST- 2022/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/03 02:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ltac008 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/immadv/ltac008 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Immunother Adv. 2022 Apr 8;2(1):ltac008. doi: 10.1093/immadv/ltac008. eCollection 
      2022.