PMID- 35937717
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220811
IS  - 2673-7515 (Electronic)
IS  - 2673-7515 (Linking)
VI  - 2
DP  - 2021
TI  - Confronting challenges to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine development.
LID - 709907 [pii]
LID - 10.3389/fitd.2021.709907 [doi]
AB  - The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a diverse and genetically plastic 
      pathologic variant (pathovar) of E. coli defined by their production of 
      heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins. These pathogens, which came 
      to recognition more than four decades ago in patients presenting with severe 
      cholera-like diarrhea, are now known to cause hundreds of millions of cases of 
      symptomatic infection annually. Children in low-middle income regions of the 
      world lacking access to clean water and basic sanitation are disproportionately 
      affected by ETEC. In addition to acute diarrheal morbidity, these pathogens 
      remain a significant cause of mortality in children under the age of five years 
      and have also been linked repeatedly to sequelae of childhood malnutrition and 
      growth stunting. Vaccines that could prevent ETEC infections therefore remain a 
      high priority. Despite several decades of effort, a licensed vaccine that 
      protects against the breadth of these pathogens remains an aspirational goal, and 
      the underlying genetic plasticity of E. coli has posed a fundamental challenge to 
      development of a vaccine that can encompass the complete antigenic spectrum of 
      ETEC. Nevertheless, novel strategies that include toxoids, a more complete 
      understanding of ETEC molecular pathogenesis, structural details of target 
      immunogens, and the discovery of more highly conserved antigens essential for 
      virulence should accelerate progress and make a broadly protective vaccine 
      feasible.
FAU - Fleckenstein, James M
AU  - Fleckenstein JM
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in 
      Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
AD  - Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases, John Cochran Saint Louis Veterans Affairs 
      Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - I01 BX004825/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - R01 AI089894/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI126887/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210924
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Trop Dis
JT  - Frontiers in tropical diseases
JID - 101779328
PMC - PMC9355458
MID - NIHMS1769336
EDAT- 2021/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2021/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2022/08/05
CRDT- 2022/08/08 04:07
PHST- 2022/08/08 04:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 709907 [pii]
AID - 10.3389/fitd.2021.709907 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Front Trop Dis. 2021;2:709907. doi: 10.3389/fitd.2021.709907. Epub 2021 Sep 24.