PMID- 35939894 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220823 LR - 20220823 IS - 1618-1328 (Electronic) IS - 0176-1617 (Linking) VI - 276 DP - 2022 Sep TI - Combined in vitro and in vivo investigation of barite microcrystals in Spirogyra (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta). PG - 153769 LID - S0176-1617(22)00155-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153769 [doi] AB - We have investigated the biomineralisation of barite ‒a useful proxy for reconstructing paleoproductivity‒ in a freshwater alga, Spirogyra, by combining in vitro and in vivo approaches to unveil the nature of its barite microcrystals. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) observations on simply dried samples revealed that the number and size of barite crystals were related to the barium concentration in the media. Additionally, their morphology showed a crystallographic face (011), which is not normally observed, suggesting the influence of organic molecules on the growth kinetics. The critical point drying method was used to preserve the internal and external structures of Spirogyra cells for SEM imaging. Crystals were found adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, near chloroplasts and fibrillary network. In vivo optical microscopy and Raman tweezer microspectroscopy in living cells showed that barite microcrystals are optically visible and follow cytoplasmic streaming. These results led us to propose that barite formation in Spirogyra occurs in the cytoplasm where barium and sulphate are both available: barium supplied non-selectively through the active transport of the divalent cations needed for actin polymerisation, and sulphate because necessary for amino acid biosynthesis in chloroplasts. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved. FAU - Barbosa, Natercia AU - Barbosa N AD - Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. FAU - Jaquet, Jean-Michel AU - Jaquet JM AD - Department Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. FAU - Urquidi, Oscar AU - Urquidi O AD - Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. FAU - Adachi, Takuji B M AU - Adachi TBM AD - Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Takuji.Adachi@unige.ch. FAU - Filella, Montserrat AU - Filella M AD - Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Montserrat.Filella@unige.ch. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220716 PL - Germany TA - J Plant Physiol JT - Journal of plant physiology JID - 9882059 RN - 0 (Sulfates) RN - 24GP945V5T (Barium) RN - 25BB7EKE2E (Barium Sulfate) SB - IM MH - Barium MH - Barium Sulfate/metabolism MH - *Charophyceae/metabolism MH - *Spirogyra/metabolism MH - Sulfates OTO - NOTNLM OT - Barite OT - Barium sulphate OT - Biomineralisation OT - Raman tweezer microspectroscopy OT - SEM-EDXS OT - Spirogyra EDAT- 2022/08/09 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/24 06:00 CRDT- 2022/08/08 18:16 PHST- 2022/01/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/06/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/08/08 18:16 [entrez] AID - S0176-1617(22)00155-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153769 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Plant Physiol. 2022 Sep;276:153769. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153769. Epub 2022 Jul 16.