PMID- 35948606
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 1530-0447 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Print)
IS  - 0031-3998 (Linking)
DP  - 2022 Aug 10
TI  - Early developmental trajectory of children with prenatal alcohol and opioid 
      exposure.
LID - 10.1038/s41390-022-02252-z [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: With significant increases in opioid use/misuse and persistent high 
      prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), identifying infants at risk for 
      long-term developmental sequelae due to these exposures remains an urgent need. 
      This study reports on developmental outcomes in young children from a prospective 
      cohort, ENRICH-1, which recruited pregnant women and followed up maternal-infant 
      pairs. METHODS: Subjects were assigned to four study groups based on prenatal use 
      of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), PAE, MOUD+PAE, and unexposed 
      controls (UC). Mixed effects modeling was used to evaluate changes in the Bayley 
      Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) Cognitive, Language, and Motor scores 
      between 6 and 20 months. RESULTS: There was a significant three-way interaction 
      (MOUD-by-PAE-by-Time) with respect to the BSID-III Cognitive (p = 0.045) and 
      Motor (p = 0.033) scales. Significant changes between the two evaluations were 
      observed for MOUD group in Cognitive and Language scores; for PAE group in 
      Cognitive, Language, and Motor scores, and for MOUD+PAE group in Language scores 
      after adjusting for child sex and family socio-economic status. The developmental 
      scores for the UC remained stable. CONCLUSION: Observed decline in 
      neurodevelopmental scores during the first 2 years of life emphasizes the 
      importance of a longitudinal approach when evaluating children with prenatal 
      polysubstance exposure. IMPACT: BSID-III scores were stable during the first 2 
      years of life for unexposed children. BSID-III scores declined for children with 
      prenatal exposures to alcohol and/or opioids. Standard developmental tests may 
      not be sensitive enough during the first year of life. Findings emphasize the 
      need for repeated evaluations of children who are at high risk.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric 
      Research Foundation, Inc.
FAU - Lowe, Jean R
AU  - Lowe JR
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, 
      Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - DiDomenico, Jared
AU  - DiDomenico J
AD  - Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - Stephen, Julia M
AU  - Stephen JM
AD  - The Mind Research Network, a Division of the Lovelace Biomedical Research 
      Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - Roberts, Melissa H
AU  - Roberts MH
AD  - Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - Rodriguez, Dominique E
AU  - Rodriguez DE
AD  - Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - Bakhireva, Ludmila N
AU  - Bakhireva LN
AD  - Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. LBakhireva@salud.unm.edu.
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of 
      New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. LBakhireva@salud.unm.edu.
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of 
      Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 
      USA. LBakhireva@salud.unm.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AA021771/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R34 DA050237/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220810
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatr Res
JT  - Pediatric research
JID - 0100714
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC9911560
MID - NIHMS1826930
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/11 06:00
PMCR- 2024/02/10
CRDT- 2022/08/10 23:20
PHST- 2022/03/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/10 23:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41390-022-02252-z [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41390-022-02252-z [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Pediatr Res. 2022 Aug 10:10.1038/s41390-022-02252-z. doi: 
      10.1038/s41390-022-02252-z.