PMID- 35956957
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220815
LR  - 20220815
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 15
DP  - 2022 Aug 6
TI  - The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a 
      Parkinson's Disease Model.
LID - 10.3390/molecules27155007 [doi]
LID - 5007
AB  - This study evaluated the effect of grape seed-derived monomer, dimeric, and 
      trimeric procyanidins on rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells and in a 
      zebrafish Parkinson's disease (PD) model. PC12 cells were cultured with grape 
      seed-derived procyanidins or deprenyl for 24 h and then exposed to 1.5 mm 
      1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) for 24 h. Zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 
      days post-fertilization were incubated with deprenyl or grape seed-derived 
      procyanidins in 400 microM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 4 
      days. The results showed that the procyanidin dimers procyanidin B1 (B1), 
      procyanidin B2 (B2), procyanidin B3 (B3), procyanidin B4 (B4), procyanidin 
      B1-3-O-gallate (B1-G), procyanidin B2-3-O-gallate (B2-G), and the procyanidin 
      trimer procyanidin C1 (C1) had a protective effect on PC12 cells, decreasing the 
      damaged dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment in zebrafish. In PC12 cells and 
      the zebrafish PD model, procyanidin (B1, B2, B3, B4, B1-G, B2-G, C1) treatment 
      decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), 
      increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 
      catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and upregulated the expression of 
      nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 
      1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggest that in PC12 cells 
      and the zebrafish PD model, the neuroprotective effects of the procyanidins were 
      positively correlated with their degree of polymerization.
FAU - Chen, Juan
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Yixuan
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
FAU - Zheng, Yangfan
AU  - Zheng Y
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
FAU - Zhao, Jiawen
AU  - Zhao J
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
FAU - Yu, Huilin
AU  - Yu H
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Jiajin
AU  - Zhu J
AD  - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220806
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Biflavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Proanthocyanidins)
RN  - 2K1V7GP655 (Selegiline)
RN  - 4852-22-6 (procyanidin)
RN  - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin)
RN  - R865A5OY8J (1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium)
SB  - IM
MH  - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biflavonoids
MH  - Catechin
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - *Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
MH  - *Proanthocyanidins/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Selegiline/pharmacology
MH  - Zebrafish
PMC - PMC9370466
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nrf2/ARE pathway
OT  - PC12 cells
OT  - Parkinson's disease
OT  - procyanidins
OT  - zebrafish
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/16 06:00
PMCR- 2022/08/06
CRDT- 2022/08/12 01:20
PHST- 2022/06/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/12 01:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules27155007 [pii]
AID - molecules-27-05007 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules27155007 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2022 Aug 6;27(15):5007. doi: 10.3390/molecules27155007.