PMID- 35957266 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220815 LR - 20230308 IS - 1424-8220 (Electronic) IS - 1424-8220 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 15 DP - 2022 Jul 30 TI - Gait Characteristics and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Data from ENBIND. LID - 10.3390/s22155710 [doi] LID - 5710 AB - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in midlife is associated with a greater risk of dementia in later life. Both gait speed and spatiotemporal gait characteristics have been associated with later cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, the assessment of gait characteristics in uncomplicated midlife T2DM may be important in selecting-out those with T2DM at greatest risk of later cognitive decline. We assessed the relationship between Inertial Motion Unit (IMUs)-derived gait characteristics and cognitive function assessed via Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)/detailed neuropsychological assessment battery (CANTAB) in middle-aged adults with and without uncomplicated T2DM using both multivariate linear regression and a neural network approach. Gait was assessed under (i) normal walking, (ii) fast (maximal) walking and (iii) cognitive dual-task walking (reciting alternate letters of the alphabet) conditions. Overall, 138 individuals were recruited (n = 94 with T2DM; 53% female, 52.8 +/- 8.3 years; n = 44 healthy controls, 43% female, 51.9 +/- 8.1 years). Midlife T2DM was associated with significantly slower gait velocity on both slow and fast walks (both p < 0.01) in addition to a longer stride time and greater gait complexity during normal walk (both p < 0.05). Findings persisted following covariate adjustment. In analyzing cognitive performance, the strongest association was observed between gait velocity and global cognitive function (MoCA). Significant associations were also observed between immediate/delayed memory performance and gait velocity. Analysis using a neural network approach did not outperform multivariate linear regression in predicting cognitive function (MoCA) from gait velocity. Our study demonstrates the impact of uncomplicated T2DM on gait speed and gait characteristics in midlife, in addition to the striking relationship between gait characteristics and global cognitive function/memory performance in midlife. Further studies are needed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between midlife gait characteristics and later cognitive decline, which may aid in selecting-out those with T2DM at greatest-risk for preventative interventions. FAU - Herings, Pieter M R AU - Herings PMR AD - School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland. AD - Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Dyer, Adam H AU - Dyer AH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1356-510X AD - Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. AD - Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Kennelly, Sean P AU - Kennelly SP AD - Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. AD - Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Reid, Sean AU - Reid S AD - School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland. AD - Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Killane, Isabelle AU - Killane I AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4770-5273 AD - Department of Engineering, Technological University Dublin, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland. FAU - McKenna, Louise AU - McKenna L AD - Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Bourke, Nollaig M AU - Bourke NM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4313-6859 AD - Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Woods, Conor P AU - Woods CP AD - Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - O'Neill, Desmond AU - O'Neill D AD - Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. AD - Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Gibney, James AU - Gibney J AD - Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland. FAU - Reilly, Richard B AU - Reilly RB AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8578-1245 AD - School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland. AD - Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. AD - Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland. LA - eng GR - NA/Meath Foundation/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220730 PL - Switzerland TA - Sensors (Basel) JT - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101204366 SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Cognition MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Female MH - Gait MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Walking MH - Walking Speed PMC - PMC9370923 OTO - NOTNLM OT - dementia OT - gait OT - mild cognitive impairment OT - neural network OT - prediction models COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/08/13 06:00 MHDA- 2022/08/16 06:00 PMCR- 2022/07/30 CRDT- 2022/08/12 01:22 PHST- 2022/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/07/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/07/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/08/12 01:22 [entrez] PHST- 2022/08/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/08/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/07/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - s22155710 [pii] AID - sensors-22-05710 [pii] AID - 10.3390/s22155710 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 30;22(15):5710. doi: 10.3390/s22155710.