PMID- 35974930
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220818
IS  - 2008-6164 (Print)
IS  - 2008-6172 (Electronic)
IS  - 2008-6164 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Summer
TI  - Effect of low dose nebulized morphine on respiratory function improvement in 
      mustard gas-exposed patients: A double-blind crossover clinical trial study.
PG  - 575-581
LID - 10.22088/cjim.13.3.575 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mustard is one of the most destructive chemical gases used in 
      chemical warfare. Several studies showed effectiveness of inhaled morphine as a 
      secondary treatment for the improvement of dyspnea. Therefore, this study aimed 
      at determining the efficacy of low dose inhaled morphine for respiratory function 
      improvement in patients who were exposed to the mustard gas. METHODS: This study 
      was designed as a cross-over double-blinded clinical trial. Patients exposed to 
      mustard gas were randomly assigned into two groups: 1) received 0.4 mg of 
      morphine by inhalation and 2) received 5 ml of normal saline serum as a placebo 
      in the same manner. After a washout period of one week, the first group received 
      the placebo and the second group received morphine for 5 days. Spirometric 
      indices, expiratory flow peak, exercise test, severity of dyspnea, and quality of 
      life were evaluated as respiratory function parameters. Data analysis was done 
      using SPSS software Version 16. RESULTS: The mean maximum expiratory flow was 
      significantly higher among cases who used morphine in comparison with the placebo 
      group (p<0.05). Moreover, the severity of dyspnea, quality of life, and the 
      frequency of coughing during the day were significantly improved among the 
      recipients of morphine (p<0.05) while the spirometric indices and exercise 
      tolerance tests were similar between the two groups (p>0.05), but the mean peak 
      expiratory flow (PEFR) was significantly higher among the patients receiving 
      morphine than the placebo patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of inhaled 
      morphine had a significant positive effect on the respiratory system of people 
      exposed to mustard gas. We can use low doses of inhaled morphine to improve the 
      respiratory function of these patients as a secondary therapy.
FAU - Ghodrati, Samad
AU  - Ghodrati S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
FAU - Memarian, Mohammad
AU  - Memarian M
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
FAU - Alian Samakkhah, Shohreh
AU  - Alian Samakkhah S
AD  - Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
FAU - Asadi-Khiavi, Masoud
AU  - Asadi-Khiavi M
AD  - Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
AD  - Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
FAU - Pezeshgi, Aiyoub
AU  - Pezeshgi A
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
AD  - Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 
      Zanjan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Iran
TA  - Caspian J Intern Med
JT  - Caspian journal of internal medicine
JID - 101523876
PMC - PMC9348203
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dyspnea
OT  - Morphine
OT  - Mustard gas
OT  - Quality of life
COIS- There was no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/18 06:01
PMCR- 2022/06/01
CRDT- 2022/08/17 01:56
PHST- 2020/07/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/03/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/17 01:56 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.22088/cjim.13.3.575 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Caspian J Intern Med. 2022 Summer;13(3):575-581. doi: 10.22088/cjim.13.3.575.