PMID- 35983003
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230728
IS  - 1741-427X (Print)
IS  - 1741-4288 (Electronic)
IS  - 1741-427X (Linking)
VI  - 2022
DP  - 2022
TI  - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Relation to T2DM 
      from Endocrinology, Neurophysiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry 
      Perspectives.
PG  - 1708769
LID - 10.1155/2022/1708769 [doi]
LID - 1708769
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe disease caused by metabolic 
      disorders, particularly carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The disease is a fatal 
      global trouble characterised by high prevalence rates, causing death, blindness, 
      kidney failure, myocardial infarction, amputation of lower limps, and stroke. 
      Biochemical metabolic pathways like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, 
      and glycogenolysis are critical pathways that regulate blood glucose levels with 
      the glucokinase (GK) enzyme playing a central role in glucose homeostasis. Any 
      factor that perturbs the aforementioned biochemical pathways is detrimental. 
      Endocrinological, neurophysiological, and molecular biological pathways that are 
      linked to carbohydrate metabolism should be studied, grasped, and manipulated in 
      order to alleviate T2DM global chaos. The challenge, howbeit, is that, since the 
      body is an integration of systems that complement one another, studying one 
      "isolated" system is not very useful. This paper serves to discuss endocrinology, 
      neurophysiology, and molecular biology pathways that are involved in carbohydrate 
      metabolism in relation to T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Hilla Mills et al.
FAU - Mills, Hilla
AU  - Mills H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2032-9279
AD  - Department of Medical Science, University for Development, Accra, Ghana.
FAU - Acquah, Ronald
AU  - Acquah R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5375-6106
AD  - Department of Medical Science, University for Development, Accra, Ghana.
FAU - Tang, Nova
AU  - Tang N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5745-3663
AD  - RD Lab, The Hospital Institute for Hebal Research, Toluca 50200, MEX, Mexico.
FAU - Cheung, Luke
AU  - Cheung L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2723-5910
AD  - RD Lab, The Hospital Institute for Hebal Research, Toluca 50200, MEX, Mexico.
FAU - Klenk, Susanne
AU  - Klenk S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4971-5192
AD  - Research Institution of Clinical Biomedicine, Hospital University Medical Centre, 
      Ulm 89000, Germany.
FAU - Glassen, Ronald
AU  - Glassen R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3195-5718
AD  - Research Institution of Clinical Biomedicine, Hospital University Medical Centre, 
      Ulm 89000, Germany.
FAU - Pirson, Magali
AU  - Pirson M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8468-3184
AD  - Industrial Research Group, International College of Science and Technology, Route 
      de Lennik 800, CP 590, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
FAU - Albert, Alain
AU  - Albert A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1012-7331
AD  - Industrial Research Group, International College of Science and Technology, Route 
      de Lennik 800, CP 590, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
FAU - Hoang, Duong Trinh
AU  - Hoang DT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4463-4270
AD  - Clinical Analysis Lab, Center of Bio-Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.
FAU - Van, Thang Nguyen
AU  - Van TN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1628-0011
AD  - Clinical Analysis Lab, Center of Bio-Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Retracted Publication
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220809
PL  - United States
TA  - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
JT  - Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
JID - 101215021
RIN - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2023 Jul 19;2023:9849378. PMID: 37501880
PMC - PMC9381199
COIS- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/20 06:01
PMCR- 2022/08/09
CRDT- 2022/08/19 02:11
PHST- 2022/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/19 02:11 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2022/1708769 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Aug 9;2022:1708769. doi: 
      10.1155/2022/1708769. eCollection 2022.