PMID- 35991072
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220823
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2296-2565 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-2565 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2022
TI  - The need for new metrics in the Anthropocene era.
PG  - 935743
LID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.935743 [doi]
LID - 935743
AB  - A limitation in the discussion concerning climate change is the large degree of 
      separation between scientific, economic, and technological approaches to tackle 
      the crisis. This issue is most noticeable when considering the lack of metrics to 
      measure the impact of different productive sectors on both the environment and 
      the health of the population. The best-known attempt to measure these 
      repercussions has been the introduction of the Environmental, Social and 
      Governance (ESG) ratings for bonds. However, this rating system suffers from a 
      lack of transparency and standardization. Moreover, it does not offer insights on 
      the health impact and the regenerative effort of the evaluated bonds. Thus, we 
      think it is necessary to introduce new metrics, focusing on at least four 
      dimensions: circularity, climate change, biodiversity and health (including 
      well-being). A sector that needs a special consideration is that of energy. To 
      better compare different energy sources, we propose to adjust metrics such as the 
      Energy Return on Investment (EROI) or the energy intensity metrics to include the 
      negative health effects and the environmental degradation associated with 
      producing energy. A similar index of return on investment corrected for health 
      impacts may be considered to evaluate food production as well. Hyper-analytical 
      and extremely focused approaches have dominated the discussion around the 
      environmental crisis. We believe that a more inclusive approach is now needed, to 
      highlight the potential co-benefits of different strategies, especially those 
      that promote regeneration and a truly circular economy.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Vineis and Mangone.
FAU - Vineis, Paolo
AU  - Vineis P
AD  - School of Public Health, Imperial College, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre 
      for Environment and Health, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Mangone, Lorenzo
AU  - Mangone L
AD  - Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
AD  - Regenerative Society Foundation, Parma, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - MR/S019669/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220804
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Public Health
JT  - Frontiers in public health
JID - 101616579
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biodiversity
MH  - *Conservation of Natural Resources
MH  - Energy-Generating Resources
MH  - Investments
PMC - PMC9386355
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EROI
OT  - climate change
OT  - co-benefits
OT  - regenerative economy
OT  - sdg
COIS- Author LM was employed by the Regenerative Society Foundation. The remaining 
      author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial 
      or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/24 06:00
PMCR- 2022/08/04
CRDT- 2022/08/22 04:05
PHST- 2022/05/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/22 04:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.935743 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 4;10:935743. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.935743. 
      eCollection 2022.