PMID- 35993344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230426
LR  - 20230426
IS  - 1551-3793 (Electronic)
IS  - 1551-3777 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Utility of an alternative method (to USEPA Method 1613) for analysis of priority 
      persistent organic pollutants in soil from mixed industrial-suburban areas of 
      Durban, South Africa.
PG  - 749-762
LID - 10.1002/ieam.4673 [doi]
AB  - This study evaluates the adequacy of a USEPA Method 1613 alternative analytical 
      method for analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil from the 
      immediate vicinity of industrialized areas in the eThekwini municipal area in 
      South Africa. The objective of this study is in line with the Stockholm 
      Convention Article 11 on research, development, and monitoring. Furthermore, it 
      became imperative to find an alternative analytical procedure to USEPA Method 
      1613 that could cater to studies conducted in Africa where recent reviews have 
      indicated that most African countries lack the technical and instrumental 
      capacity for performing analysis of dioxin-like compounds according to USEPA 
      Method 1613, which entails the use of high-resolution chromatography and 
      high-resolution mass spectrometry instrumentation. The study aimed to ascertain 
      the utility of an alternative two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight 
      mass spectrometry method for analysis of trace-level priority POPs in soil, along 
      with a fast single quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The 
      analytical methods were applied to the analysis of POPs on soil samples from 
      industrial areas with oil refineries and a pulp and paper manufacturing company, 
      while other samples were collected near the electricity substations and a 
      landfill site. Analytical results showed BDE 209 as the dominant contaminating 
      polybrominated diphenyl ether (concentration ranges from 0.006 to 5.71 ng g(-1) 
      ). Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) 9, 10, and 49 were the dominant PBBs detected 
      in 78% of the sites tested, although their concentrations were below the limit of 
      quantification (LOQ). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and 
      dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls detected could not be quantified above 
      their respective LOQs, indicating that the Durban area has low priority pollutant 
      contamination levels compared to other regions around the world. The methods 
      developed are a starting point that will inform considerations for routine 
      evaluation and management of soil contamination, which plays a vital role in 
      environmental management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:749-762. (c) 2022 
      SETAC.
CI  - (c) 2022 SETAC.
FAU - Rimayi, Cornelius
AU  - Rimayi C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5494-7094
AD  - Department of Water and Sanitation, Resource Quality Information Systems (RQIS), 
      Roodeplaat, South Africa.
FAU - Madikizela, Lawrence M
AU  - Madikizela LM
AD  - Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, 
      Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 
      South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220923
PL  - United States
TA  - Integr Environ Assess Manag
JT  - Integrated environmental assessment and management
JID - 101234521
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Persistent Organic Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - United States
MH  - *Dioxins/analysis
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - South Africa
MH  - Soil
MH  - United States Environmental Protection Agency
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - *Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Polybrominated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis
MH  - *Soil Pollutants/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dI-PCBs)
OT  - Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
OT  - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs)
OT  - Toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ)
EDAT- 2022/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/26 06:42
CRDT- 2022/08/22 05:54
PHST- 2022/08/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/26 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/22 05:54 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ieam.4673 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 May;19(3):749-762. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4673. Epub 
      2022 Sep 23.