PMID- 36004353
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220826
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Prevalence of overweight and obesity among saudi children: A comparison of two 
      widely used international standards and the national growth references.
PG  - 954755
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2022.954755 [doi]
LID - 954755
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare three body mass index (BMI) classifications that are used 
      to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi children aged 6-13 
      years: the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) age and gender cutoffs, the 
      World Health Organization (WHO) growth references for school-aged children, and 
      the Saudi (KSA) national growth references. METHODS: The sample comprised 2,169 
      children (52.5% girls) derived from two cross-sectional studies conducted in 
      Riyadh and Jeddah during the 2017 and 2019 school years, respectively. Body 
      weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. RESULTS: The proportions 
      (%) of the participants who were classified as underweight, overweight, and obese 
      varied according to the reference used: IOTF reference (13.8, 18.4, and 12.7), 
      WHO reference (17.2, 19.1, and 18.9), and KSA reference (7.0, 22.4, and 9.3), 
      respectively, indicating higher values for overweight and obesity prevalence when 
      the WHO references were used. Kappa agreement measures between the three 
      references were found to be high, with the coefficients ranging from 0.936 
      (between the IOTF and KSA references) to 0.849 (between the IOTF and WHO 
      references). In all three classifications, girls exhibited lower overweight or 
      obesity prevalence than boys. Family income, but not paternal or maternal 
      education, was significantly (p = 0.015) associated with overweight/obesity when 
      using the IOTF standards. In addition, having a small family in the house was 
      significantly (p < 0.05) associated with obesity, irrespective of the 
      classification system. CONCLUSION: Inconsistency was observed when estimating the 
      prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among Saudi children. However, 
      when defining the overall prevalence of overweight plus obesity among Saudi 
      children, the IOTF classification system performed in a similar way to the KSA 
      references (31.1% versus 31.7%) compared to the WHO references (38.0%).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Al-Hazzaa, Alrasheedi, Alsulaimani, Jabri, Alhowikan, Alhussain, 
      Bawaked and Alqahtani.
FAU - Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M
AU  - Al-Hazzaa HM
AD  - Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess 
      Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alrasheedi, Amani A
AU  - Alrasheedi AA
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King 
      Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alsulaimani, Rayan A
AU  - Alsulaimani RA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 
      Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Jabri, Laura
AU  - Jabri L
AD  - American International School of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhowikan, Abdulrahman M
AU  - Alhowikan AM
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhussain, Maha H
AU  - Alhussain MH
AD  - Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Foods & Agricultural Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Bawaked, Rowaedh A
AU  - Bawaked RA
AD  - Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alqahtani, Saleh A
AU  - Alqahtani SA
AD  - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 
      MD, United States.
AD  - King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220808
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
SB  - IM
EIN - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Nov 02;14:1305460. PMID: 38027125
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Obesity/epidemiology
MH  - *Overweight/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - *Thinness
PMC - PMC9393362
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - International Obesity Task Force (IOTF)
OT  - World Health Organization (WHO)
OT  - body mass index (BMI)
OT  - children
OT  - obesity
OT  - overweight
OT  - sociodemographic
OT  - underweight
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/08/25 02:33
PHST- 2022/05/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/25 02:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2022.954755 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 8;13:954755. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2022.954755. eCollection 2022.