PMID- 36008991
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220829
LR  - 20230410
IS  - 2218-273X (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-273X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Aug 10
TI  - The Radial Bulging and Axial Strains of Intervertebral Discs during Creep 
      Obtained with the 3D-DIC System.
LID - 10.3390/biom12081097 [doi]
LID - 1097
AB  - Creep-associated changes in disc bulging and axial strains are essential for the 
      research and development of mechano-bionic biomaterials and have been assessed in 
      various ways in ex vivo creep studies. Nonetheless, the reported methods for 
      measurement were limited by location inaccuracy, a lack of synchronousness, and 
      destructiveness. To this end, this study focuses on the accurate, synchronous, 
      and noninvasive assessment of bugling and strains using the 3D digital image 
      correlation (3D-DIC) system and the impact of creep on them. After a preload of 
      30 min, the porcine cervical discs were loaded with different loads for 4 h of 
      creep. Axial strains and lateral bulging of three locations on the discs were 
      synchronously measured. The three-parameter solid model and the newly proposed 
      horizontal asymptote model were used to fit the acquired data. The results showed 
      that the load application reduced disc strains by 6.39% under 300 N, 11.28% under 
      400 N, and 12.59% under 500 N. Meanwhile, the largest protrusion occurred in the 
      middle of discs with a bugling of 1.50 mm, 1.67 mm, and 1.87 mm. Comparison of 
      the peer results showed that the 3D-DIC system could be used in ex vivo 
      biomechanical studies with reliability and had potential in the assessment of the 
      mechanical behavior of novel biomaterials. The phenomenon of the largest middle 
      protrusion enlightened further the strength of spinal implants in this area. The 
      mathematical characterizations of bulging and strains under different loads 
      yielded various model parameters, which are prerequisites for developing 
      implanted biomaterials.
FAU - Yang, Mengying
AU  - Yang M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5409-4960
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
AD  - Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 
      518055, China.
AD  - Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in 
      Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
FAU - Xiang, Dingding
AU  - Xiang D
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
AD  - School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, 
      Shenyang 110819, China.
FAU - Wang, Song
AU  - Wang S
AD  - Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in 
      Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
FAU - Liu, Weiqiang
AU  - Liu W
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
AD  - Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 
      518055, China.
AD  - Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in 
      Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220810
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomolecules
JT  - Biomolecules
JID - 101596414
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biocompatible Materials
MH  - *Intervertebral Disc
MH  - *Lumbar Vertebrae
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Swine
PMC - PMC9405674
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3D-DIC
OT  - bulge
OT  - creep
OT  - intervertebral disc
OT  - strain
COIS- There are no financial or personal relationships with other people or 
      organizations that could inappropriately bias the contents of this paper.
EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/30 06:00
PMCR- 2022/08/10
CRDT- 2022/08/26 01:02
PHST- 2022/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/26 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biom12081097 [pii]
AID - biomolecules-12-01097 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biom12081097 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomolecules. 2022 Aug 10;12(8):1097. doi: 10.3390/biom12081097.