PMID- 36013290
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220830
IS  - 2075-4426 (Print)
IS  - 2075-4426 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-4426 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Aug 21
TI  - Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence.
LID - 10.3390/jpm12081341 [doi]
LID - 1341
AB  - Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disease 
      that is induced by allergen introduction to the nasal mucosa, which triggers an 
      inflammatory response. The current treatments for AR include allergen avoidance 
      and pharmacotherapy; however, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only 
      treatment that can be employed to modify immunologic responses and to achieve a 
      cure for allergic diseases. The current standard routes of AIT administration are 
      the subcutaneous and sublingual routes. Alternatively, the dermis contains a high 
      density of dermal dendritic cells that act as antigen-presenting cells, so 
      intradermal administration may confer added advantages and increase the efficacy 
      of AIT. Moreover, intradermal immunotherapy (IDIT) may facilitate a reduction in 
      the allergen dosage and a shortening of the treatment duration. The aim of this 
      review was to search and evaluate the current evidence specific to IDIT, 
      including its modified formulations, such as allergoids and peptides. The results 
      of this review reveal conflicting evidence that suggests that the overall benefit 
      of IDIT remains unclear. As such, further clinical trials are needed to establish 
      the clinical utility of IDIT, and to determine the optimal treatment-related 
      protocols.
FAU - Atipas, Kawita
AU  - Atipas K
AD  - Division of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of 
      Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
FAU - Kanjanawasee, Dichapong
AU  - Kanjanawasee D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2681-2958
AD  - Center of Research Excellence in Allergy & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine 
      Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
AD  - Biodesign Innovation Center, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine 
      Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
FAU - Tantilipikorn, Pongsakorn
AU  - Tantilipikorn P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1995-4798
AD  - Division of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of 
      Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
AD  - Center of Research Excellence in Allergy & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine 
      Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220821
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Pers Med
JT  - Journal of personalized medicine
JID - 101602269
PMC - PMC9409804
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - allergen immunotherapy
OT  - allergic rhinitis
OT  - alternatives
OT  - intradermal
OT  - intradermal immunotherapy
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/27 06:01
PMCR- 2022/08/21
CRDT- 2022/08/26 01:28
PHST- 2022/07/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/26 01:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jpm12081341 [pii]
AID - jpm-12-01341 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jpm12081341 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Pers Med. 2022 Aug 21;12(8):1341. doi: 10.3390/jpm12081341.