PMID- 36016341
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220829
LR  - 20220902
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Aug 4
TI  - Dynamics of HIV-1/HTLV-I Co-Infection Model with Humoral Immunity and Cellular 
      Infection.
LID - 10.3390/v14081719 [doi]
LID - 1719
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I 
      (HTLV-I) are two retroviruses which infect the same target, CD4+ T cells. This 
      type of cell is considered the main component of the immune system. Since both 
      viruses have the same means of transmission between individuals, HIV-1-infected 
      patients are more exposed to the chance of co-infection with HTLV-I, and vice 
      versa, compared to the general population. The mathematical modeling and analysis 
      of within-host HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection dynamics can be considered a robust tool 
      to support biological and medical research. In this study, we have formulated and 
      analyzed an HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection model with humoral immunity, taking into 
      account both latent HIV-1-infected cells and HTLV-I-infected cells. The model 
      considers two modes of HIV-1 dissemination, virus-to-cell (V-T-C) and 
      cell-to-cell (C-T-C). We prove the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions 
      of the model. We find all steady states of the model and establish their 
      existence conditions. We utilize Lyapunov functions and LaSalle's invariance 
      principle to investigate the global stability of all the steady states of the 
      model. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the corresponding 
      theoretical results. The effects of humoral immunity and C-T-C transmission on 
      the HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection dynamics are discussed. We have shown that humoral 
      immunity does not play the role of clearing an HIV-1 infection but it can control 
      HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we note that the omission of C-T-C transmission 
      from the HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection model leads to an under-evaluation of the 
      basic HIV-1 mono-infection reproductive ratio.
FAU - AlShamrani, Noura H
AU  - AlShamrani NH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6324-2774
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 
      80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alshaikh, Matuka A
AU  - Alshaikh MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0921-0031
AD  - Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 
      Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Elaiw, Ahmed M
AU  - Elaiw AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5030-633X
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. 
      Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 
      Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
FAU - Hattaf, Khalid
AU  - Hattaf K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5032-3639
AD  - Equipe de Recherche en Modelisation et Enseignement des Mathematiques (ERMEM), 
      Centre Regional des Metiers de l'Education et de la Formation (CRMEF), Derb 
      Ghalef, Casablanca 20340, Morocco.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220804
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
SB  - IM
MH  - *Coinfection
MH  - *HIV Infections
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - *HTLV-I Infections
MH  - *Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Humoral
MH  - Virus Latency
PMC - PMC9415130
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection
OT  - Lyapunov function
OT  - cell-to-cell infection
OT  - global stability
OT  - humoral immunity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/30 06:00
PMCR- 2022/08/04
CRDT- 2022/08/26 01:48
PHST- 2022/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/07/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/07/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/08/26 01:48 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/08/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v14081719 [pii]
AID - viruses-14-01719 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v14081719 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2022 Aug 4;14(8):1719. doi: 10.3390/v14081719.